Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications

Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S.  D.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22242-8

Title: Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications

Journal Article · Tue Mar 13 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22242-8· OSTI ID:1500030

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Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasiparticles of great interest for data storage applications because of their small size, high stability, and ease of manipulation via electric current. However, although models exist for some limiting cases, there is no universal theory capable of accurately describing the structure and energetics of all skyrmions. The main barrier is the complexity of non-local stray field interactions, which are usually included through crude approximations. Here we present an accurate analytical framework to treat isolated skyrmions in any material, assuming only a circularly-symmetric 360° domain wall profile and a homogeneous magnetization profile in the out-of-plane direction. We establish the first rigorous criteria to distinguish stray field from DMI skyrmions, resolving a major dispute in the community. We discover new phases, such as bi-stability, a phenomenon unknown in magnetism so far. We predict materials for sub-10 nm zero field room temperature stable skyrmions suitable for applications. Finally, we derive analytical equations to describe current-driven dynamics, find a topological damping, and show how to engineer materials in which compact skyrmions can be driven at velocities >1000 m/s.

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Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012371

OSTI ID:: 1500030

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 202 works

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Magnetic Skyrmion Spectrum Under Voltage Excitation and its Linear Modulation Chen, Xing; Kang, Wang; Zhu, Daoqian Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.12.024008	journal	August 2019
Walker Breakdown with a Twist: Dynamics of Multilayer Domain Walls and Skyrmions Driven by Spin-Orbit Torque Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D. Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.12.044031	journal	October 2019
Universality of annihilation barriers of large magnetic skyrmions in chiral and frustrated magnets Heil, Benjamin; Rosch, Achim; Masell, Jan Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.134424	journal	October 2019
Formation of Néel-type skyrmions in an antidot lattice with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Saha, S.; Zelent, M.; Finizio, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.144435	journal	October 2019
High-field anomalies of equilibrium and ultrafast magnetism in rare-earth–transition-metal ferrimagnets Pogrebna, A.; Prabhakara, K.; Davydova, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.174427	journal	November 2019
Magnetic tunnel junctions: An efficient way for electrical skyrmion detection investigated by ab initio theory Schäfer-Richarz, Jonas Friedrich; Risius, Philipp; Czerner, Michael Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.214413	journal	December 2019
Mapping different skyrmion phases in double wedges of Ta/FeCoB/TaOx trilayers Srivastava, Titiksha; Lim, Willy; Joumard, Isabelle Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.220401	journal	December 2019
Breathing mode of a skyrmion on a lattice Garanin, Dmitry A.; Jaafar, Reem; Chudnovsky, Eugene M. Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.014418	journal	January 2020
Dynamical switching of confined magnetic skyrmions under circular magnetic fields Abdizadeh, S.; Abouie, J.; Zakeri, Kh. Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.024409	journal	January 2020
Unraveling the role of dipolar versus Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in stabilizing compact magnetic skyrmions Bernand-Mantel, Anne; Muratov, Cyrill B.; Simon, Thilo M. Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.045416	journal	January 2020
Topological Hall effect for electron scattering on nanoscale skyrmions in external magnetic field Denisov, K. S.; Rozhansky, I. V.; Potkina, M. N. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.214407	journal	December 2018
Skyrmion lifetime in ultrathin films von Malottki, Stephan; Bessarab, Pavel F.; Haldar, Soumyajyoti Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.060409	journal	February 2019
Precipitating ordered skyrmion lattices from helical spaghetti and granular powders Gilbert, Dustin A.; Grutter, Alexander J.; Neves, Paul M. Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.014408	journal	January 2019
Realization of ordered magnetic skyrmions in thin films at ambient conditions Desautels, Ryan D.; DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa; Montoya, Sergio A. Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.104406	journal	October 2019
Thermal nucleation and high-resolution imaging of submicrometer magnetic bubbles in thin thulium iron garnet films with perpendicular anisotropy Büttner, Felix; Mawass, Mohamad A.; Bauer, Jackson Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.011401	journal	January 2020
Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems Manchon, A.; Železný, J.; Miron, I. M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.91.035004	journal	September 2019
The skyrmion-bubble transition in a ferromagnetic thin film Bernand-Mantel, Anne; Camosi, Lorenzo; Wartelle, Alexis SciPost Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.21468/scipostphys.4.5.027	journal	January 2018
Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films Meyer, Sebastian; Perini, Marco; von Malottki, Stephan Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11831-4	journal	August 2019
Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device Göbel, Börge; Schäffer, Alexander F.; Berakdar, Jamal Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48617-z	journal	August 2019
Generation and stability of structurally imprinted target skyrmions in magnetic multilayers Kent, Noah; Streubel, Robert; Lambert, Charles-Henri Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5099991	journal	September 2019
Modeling the Shape of Axisymmetric Skyrmions in Magnetic Multilayers Legrand, William; Ronceray, Nathan; Reyren, Nicolas Physical Review Applied, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.10.064042	journal	December 2018
Spin-orbit torque induced dipole skyrmion motion at room temperature Montoya, Sergio A.; Tolley, Robert; Gilbert, Ian Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.104432	journal	September 2018
Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems Manchon, A.; Zelezný, J.; Miron, I. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.09636	text	January 2018
Magnetostatic interaction between two Bubble Skyrmions Castro, M. A.; Mancilla-Almonacid, D.; Valdivia, J. A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.04526	preprint	January 2018
Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device Göbel, Börge; Schäffer, Alexander F.; Berakdar, Jamal arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.06295	text	January 2019
Forming individual magnetic biskyrmions by merging two skyrmions in a centrosymmetric nanodisk Göbel, Börge; Henk, Jürgen; Mertig, Ingrid arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.10491	text	January 2019
High Field Anomalies of Equilibrium and Ultrafast Magnetism in Rare-Earth-Transition Metal Ferrimagnets Pogrebna, A.; Prabhakara, K.; Davydova, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.04293	text	January 2019
Topological superconductivity with deformable magnetic skyrmions Garnier, Maxime; Mesaros, Andrej; Simon, Pascal arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03005	text	January 2019
Complex magnetism of B20-MnGe: from spin-spirals, hedgehogs to monopoles Bornemann, Marcel; Grytsiuk, Sergii; Baumeister, Paul F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.12176	text	January 2019
Unraveling the role of dipolar versus Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in stabilizing compact magnetic skyrmions Bernand-Mantel, Anne; Muratov, Cyrill B.; Simon, Thilo M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.05389	text	January 2019
Thermal Collapse of a Skyrmion Derras-Chouk, Amel; Chudnovsky, Eugene M.; Garanin, Dmitry A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.09132	text	January 2019
Universality of annihilation barriers of large magnetic skyrmions in chiral and frustrated magnets Heil, Benjamin; Rosch, Achim; Masell, Jan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.12174	text	January 2019
Walker breakdown with a twist: Dynamics of multilayer domain walls and skyrmions driven by spin-orbit torque Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.07168	text	January 2019
Antiferromagnetic half-skyrmions and bimerons at room temperature Jani, Hariom; Lin, Jheng-Cyuan; Chen, Jiahao Nature, Vol. 590, Issue 7844 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03219-6	journal	February 2021
Current-driven coherent skyrmion generation Deger, C.; Yavuz, I.; Yildiz, F. Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40220-6	journal	March 2019
Dynamics of skyrmion in disordered chiral magnet of thin film form Koshibae, Wataru; Nagaosa, Naoto Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41441-5	journal	March 2019
Single Chiral Skyrmions in Ultrathin Magnetic Films Aranda, Arantxa; Guslienko, Konstantin Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112238	journal	November 2018
Toward room-temperature nanoscale skyrmions in ultrathin films Varentcova, Anastasiia S.; von Malottki, Stephan; Potkina, Maria N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.05285	text	January 2020
Skyrmion formation in nanodiscs using magnetic force microscopy tip Vetrova, Iu. V.; Soltys, J.; Zelent, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2002.11685	preprint	January 2020
Control of skyrmion chirality in Ta/FeCoB/TaOx trilayers by TaOx oxidation and FeCoB thickness Kumar, Raj; Fillion, Charles-Elie; Lovery, Bertrand arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.13136	text	January 2020
Computing and Memory Technologies based on Magnetic Skyrmions Vakili, Hamed; Zhou, Wei; Ma, Chung T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2101.09947	text	January 2021

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