Anticipating impacts of introducing aluminum-cerium alloys into the United States automotive market

Nguyen, Ruby T.; Imholte, D. Devin; Rios, Orlando R.; Weiss, David; Sims, Zachary; Stromme, Eric; McCall, Scott K.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.02.009

Title: Anticipating impacts of introducing aluminum-cerium alloys into the United States automotive market

Journal Article · Fri Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Resources, Conservation and Recycling

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.02.009· OSTI ID:1494929

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Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Eck Industries Inc., Manitowoc, WI (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Increasing demand of abundant co-product rare earths such as cerium and lanthanum has become a focus for improving mine economics. The recent development of an aluminum-cerium (Al-Ce) alloy targeted toward broad market adoption in the automotive industry is one recent example. This alloy has shown exceptional mechanical properties and cost-saving potential. However, since market adoption is unknown, impacts of this alloy on Ce demand remains uncertain. We estimate Al-Ce impacts by simulating adoption in different automotive sectors using a dynamic material flow analysis model. We then project future Ce content in the recycled Al stream given current recycling practices. We also compute the required segregation given different Ce impurity tolerances of existing automotive Al alloys. Finally, once secondary supply is derived from segregation, we calculate primary Ce demand. Results showed that segregation of Al-Ce components from non-AlCe automotive Al components is needed for most adoption scenarios and impurity thresholds. Ce metal demand was found to be lowest at 1000 mt/yr if the target market is light duty trucks. If Al-Ce could penetrate the High Efficiency Spark Ignition market (i.e., turbocharger market), Ce demand could reach 23,200 mt Ce/year in 2045, without accounting for Chinese and Australian Ce primary production capacity. When accounting for primary Ce production capacity, demand could reach up to 16,200 mt/yr.

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Research Organization:: Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517; AC05-00OR22725; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1494929

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1497268; OSTI ID: 1684657; OSTI ID: 1694399

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-17-44183-Rev000; LLNL-JRNL-744245

Journal Information:: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 144, Issue C; ISSN 0921-3449

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 17 works

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Title: Anticipating impacts of introducing aluminum-cerium alloys into the United States automotive market

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