Operando Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Mechanics of Structural Water Driven Battery-to-Pseudocapacitor Transition

Wang, Ruocun; Mitchell, James B.; Gao, Qiang; Tsai, Wan-Yu; Boyd, Shelby; Pharr, Matt; Balke, Nina; Augustyn, Veronica

doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b02273

Title: Operando Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Mechanics of Structural Water Driven Battery-to-Pseudocapacitor Transition

Journal Article · Fri May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b02273· OSTI ID:1495969

Wang, Ruocun ^[1]; Mitchell, James B. ^[1]; Gao, Qiang ^[2]; Tsai, Wan-Yu ^[2]; Boyd, Shelby ^[1]; Pharr, Matt ^[3];

^[2];

^[1]

North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States). Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

The presence of structural water in tungsten oxides leads to a transition in the energy storage mechanism from battery-type intercalation (limited by solid state diffusion) to pseudocapacitance (limited by surface kinetics). Here, we demonstrate that these electrochemical mechanisms are linked to the mechanical response of the materials during intercalation of protons and present a pathway to utilize the mechanical coupling for local studies of electrochemistry. Operando atomic force microscopy dilatometry is used to measure the deformation of redox-active energy storage materials and to link the local nanoscale deformation to the electrochemical redox process. Here, this technique reveals that the local mechanical deformation of the hydrated tungsten oxide is smaller and more gradual than the anhydrous oxide and occurs without hysteresis during the intercalation and deintercalation processes. The ability of layered materials with confined structural water to minimize mechanical deformation likely contributes to their fast energy storage kinetics.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport Center (FIRST); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1495969

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 6; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 31 works

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