Efficiency and Reliability Analyses of AC and 380 V DC Distribution in Data Centers

doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877354

Title: Efficiency and Reliability Analyses of AC and 380 V DC Distribution in Data Centers

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Abstract

Modern data centers consume large amounts of electricity, resulting in high operational costs. The efficiency of a data center power distribution system can be increased, and the operational cost reduced, if the number of power conversion stages can be minimized and more efficient converters, such as wide bandgap (WBG) converters, are used. This can be achieved by using DC distribution voltage at the rack level by eliminating extra conversion stages. In this paper, benchmarks for both AC and 380V DC data centers were developed and efficiency analyses were performed for an entire year. The impact of integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into the data centers has also been analyzed in both cases in terms of efficiency. The results show that 380V DC data centers are more efficient than AC data centers with and without PV integration. Furthermore, the reliability of an AC system was compared to a 380V DC architecture with Tier-IV standard. Monte-Carlo simulations were used to perform reliability analyses for different levels of redundancy in the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system for both cases. The simulation results showed that the 380V DC distribution system had a higher level of reliability than the AC distribution system in data centers.

Authors:

Shrestha, Bijen R.; Tamrakar, Ujjwol; Hansen, Timothy M.; Bhattarai, Bishnu P.; James, Sean;

Publication Date:: 2018-01-01

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1494312

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-138940
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-3536

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: IEEE Access

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-3536

Publisher:: IEEE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: Data center, efficiency, reliability, renewable integration

Citation Formats


                    Shrestha, Bijen R., Tamrakar, Ujjwol, Hansen, Timothy M., Bhattarai, Bishnu P., James, Sean, and Tonkoski, Reinaldo. Efficiency and Reliability Analyses of AC and 380 V DC Distribution in Data Centers.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877354.

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                    Shrestha, Bijen R., Tamrakar, Ujjwol, Hansen, Timothy M., Bhattarai, Bishnu P., James, Sean, & Tonkoski, Reinaldo. Efficiency and Reliability Analyses of AC and 380 V DC Distribution in Data Centers.  United States.  doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877354.

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                    Shrestha, Bijen R., Tamrakar, Ujjwol, Hansen, Timothy M., Bhattarai, Bishnu P., James, Sean, and Tonkoski, Reinaldo. Mon .  
        "Efficiency and Reliability Analyses of AC and 380 V DC Distribution in Data Centers".  United States.  doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877354.

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@article{osti_1494312,

  title        = {Efficiency and Reliability Analyses of AC and 380 V DC Distribution in Data Centers},

  author       = {Shrestha, Bijen R. and Tamrakar, Ujjwol and Hansen, Timothy M. and Bhattarai, Bishnu P. and James, Sean and Tonkoski, Reinaldo},

  abstractNote = {Modern data centers consume large amounts of electricity, resulting in high operational costs. The efficiency of a data center power distribution system can be increased, and the operational cost reduced, if the number of power conversion stages can be minimized and more efficient converters, such as wide bandgap (WBG) converters, are used. This can be achieved by using DC distribution voltage at the rack level by eliminating extra conversion stages. In this paper, benchmarks for both AC and 380V DC data centers were developed and efficiency analyses were performed for an entire year. The impact of integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into the data centers has also been analyzed in both cases in terms of efficiency. The results show that 380V DC data centers are more efficient than AC data centers with and without PV integration. Furthermore, the reliability of an AC system was compared to a 380V DC architecture with Tier-IV standard. Monte-Carlo simulations were used to perform reliability analyses for different levels of redundancy in the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system for both cases. The simulation results showed that the 380V DC distribution system had a higher level of reliability than the AC distribution system in data centers.},

  doi          = {10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877354},

  journal      = {IEEE Access},

  issn         = {2169-3536},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {1}

}

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DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2877354

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