skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension

Abstract

In the development of topological photonics, achieving three-dimensional topological insulators is of notable interest since it enables the exploration of new topological physics with photons and promises novel photonic devices that are robust against disorders in three dimensions. Previous theoretical proposals toward three-dimensional topological insulators use complex geometries that are challenging to implement. On the basis of the concept of synthetic dimension, we show that a two-dimensional array of ring resonators, which was previously demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional topological insulator phase, automatically becomes a three-dimensional topological insulator when the frequency dimension is taken into account. Moreover, by modulating a few of the resonators, a screw dislocation along the frequency axis can be created, which provides robust one-way transport of photons along the frequency axis. Demonstrating the physics of screw dislocation in a topological system has been a substantial challenge in solid-state systems. Our work indicates that the physics of three-dimensional topological insulators can be explored in standard integrated photonic platforms, leading to opportunities for novel devices that control the frequency of light.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [2];  [4]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Applied Physics
  2. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Ginzton Lab.
  4. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Ginzton Lab. Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1490441
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; FA9550-17-1-0002; CBET-1641069
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2375-2548
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

Citation Formats

Lin, Qian, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Xiao, Meng, Zhang, Shou-Cheng, and Fan, Shanhui. A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2774.
Lin, Qian, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Xiao, Meng, Zhang, Shou-Cheng, & Fan, Shanhui. A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2774
Lin, Qian, Sun, Xiao-Qi, Xiao, Meng, Zhang, Shou-Cheng, and Fan, Shanhui. 2018. "A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat2774. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1490441.
@article{osti_1490441,
title = {A three-dimensional photonic topological insulator using a two-dimensional ring resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension},
author = {Lin, Qian and Sun, Xiao-Qi and Xiao, Meng and Zhang, Shou-Cheng and Fan, Shanhui},
abstractNote = {In the development of topological photonics, achieving three-dimensional topological insulators is of notable interest since it enables the exploration of new topological physics with photons and promises novel photonic devices that are robust against disorders in three dimensions. Previous theoretical proposals toward three-dimensional topological insulators use complex geometries that are challenging to implement. On the basis of the concept of synthetic dimension, we show that a two-dimensional array of ring resonators, which was previously demonstrated to exhibit a two-dimensional topological insulator phase, automatically becomes a three-dimensional topological insulator when the frequency dimension is taken into account. Moreover, by modulating a few of the resonators, a screw dislocation along the frequency axis can be created, which provides robust one-way transport of photons along the frequency axis. Demonstrating the physics of screw dislocation in a topological system has been a substantial challenge in solid-state systems. Our work indicates that the physics of three-dimensional topological insulators can be explored in standard integrated photonic platforms, leading to opportunities for novel devices that control the frequency of light.},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aat2774},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1490441}, journal = {Science Advances},
issn = {2375-2548},
number = 10,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 52 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: 3D topological insulator and screw dislocation. (A) 3D lattice formed by stacking layers of 2D QSH states. The set of discrete resonances of a ring forms a lattice in the synthetic frequency dimension. (B) Microring array implementing (A). Orange and gray rings are site and link rings withmore » the same free spectral range Ω. The link rings providing coupling along the y direction are spatially shifted along the x direction to provide directional coupling phases that implement the Landau gauge. (C and D) Screw dislocations with Burgers vectors B = (0, 0, −1) and B = (0, 0, −2), respectively. One-way topological states spatially localized around the dislocation flow along the synthetic frequency dimension. (E) Microring array implementing (C) and (D). Orange and blue rings are site rings with the same resonant frequency but different resonant wave vectors. Gray rings are static link rings providing intralayer couplings. Black rings are dynamic link rings whose refractive index is modulated at a frequency equal to the free spectral range Ω. They couple a resonant mode at frequency ω0 in the blue ring to a resonant mode at frequency ω0 + Ω in the orange ring, forming the interlayer links shown in (C) and (D).« less

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

A new theory on scattering of electrons due to spiral dislocations
journal, June 1978


Non-reciprocal phase shift induced by an effective magnetic flux for light
journal, August 2014


Topological characterization of periodically driven quantum systems
journal, December 2010


Topological insulators and superconductors
journal, October 2011


Quantized Hall Conductance in a Two-Dimensional Periodic Potential
journal, August 1982


Strong side of weak topological insulators
journal, July 2012


Photonic Floquet topological insulators
journal, April 2013


Colloquium: Topological insulators
journal, November 2010


Symmetry-protected topological photonic crystal in three dimensions
journal, January 2016


Hofstadter butterfly as quantum phase diagram
journal, December 2001


Network models of photonic Floquet topological insulators
journal, February 2014


Robust reconfigurable electromagnetic pathways within a photonic topological insulator
journal, February 2016


Imaging topological edge states in silicon photonics
journal, October 2013


Experimental realization of photonic topological insulator in a uniaxial metacrystal waveguide
journal, December 2014


Robust optical delay lines with topological protection
journal, August 2011


Guiding Electromagnetic Waves around Sharp Corners: Topologically Protected Photonic Transport in Metawaveguides
journal, March 2015


Realizing effective magnetic field for photons by controlling the phase of dynamic modulation
journal, October 2012


Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems
journal, April 1973


Photonic topological insulators
journal, December 2012


Three-dimensional all-dielectric photonic topological insulator
journal, December 2016


Topological defects in Floquet systems: Anomalous chiral modes and topological invariant
journal, April 2017


Photonic gauge potential in a system with a synthetic frequency dimension
journal, January 2016


Topological defects and gapless modes in insulators and superconductors
journal, September 2010


Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological electromagnetic states
journal, October 2009


Artificial gauge field for photons in coupled cavity arrays
journal, October 2011


Photonic Weyl point in a two-dimensional resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension
journal, December 2016


One-dimensional topologically protected modes in topological insulators with lattice dislocations
journal, March 2009


Synthetic dimensions in integrated photonics: From optical isolation to four-dimensional quantum Hall physics
journal, April 2016


Guide-wave Photonic Pulling Force Using One-way Photonic Chiral Edge States
conference, January 2015


Photonic Floquet topological insulators
conference, September 2013


Photonic Topological Insulators
journal, January 2013


Topological characterization of periodically-driven quantum systems
text, January 2010


Robust optical delay lines via topological protection
text, January 2011


The strong side of weak topological insulators
text, January 2011


Photonic Floquet Topological Insulators
text, January 2012


Topological Insulators in Three Dimensions
text, January 2006


Photonic topological insulators
journal, December 2012


Robust reconfigurable electromagnetic pathways within a photonic topological insulator
journal, February 2016


Hofstadter butterfly as quantum phase diagram
journal, December 2001


Photonic Aharonov-Bohm Effect Based on Dynamic Modulation
journal, April 2012


Optical Resonator Analog of a Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator
journal, May 2013


Multimode One-Way Waveguides of Large Chern Numbers
journal, September 2014


Observation of Berry's Geometrical Phase in Electron Diffraction from a Screw Dislocation
journal, December 1988


Single-Particle Quantum States in a Crystal with Topological Defects
journal, March 1998


Topological Insulators in Three Dimensions
journal, March 2007


High-speed, low-loss silicon Mach–Zehnder modulators with doping optimization
journal, January 2013


Haldane quantum Hall effect for light in a dynamically modulated array of resonators
journal, January 2016


Works referencing / citing this record:

Exceptional cones in 4D parameter space
journal, January 2020


Topological photonics
journal, March 2019


Realization of a three-dimensional photonic topological insulator
journal, January 2019


Experimental band structure spectroscopy along a synthetic dimension
journal, July 2019


Topological quantum matter in synthetic dimensions
journal, April 2019


Synthetic Gauge Field for Two-Dimensional Time-Multiplexed Quantum Random Walks
journal, October 2019


Photonic Gauge Potential in One Cavity with Synthetic Frequency and Orbital Angular Momentum Dimensions
journal, March 2019


A synthetic gauge field for two-dimensional time-multiplexed quantum random walks
text, January 2019


Floquet Chern Insulators of Light
text, January 2019


Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.