Auger electron emission initiated by the creation of valence-band holes in graphene by positron annihilation

Chirayath, V. A.; Callewaert, V.; Fairchild, A. J.; Chrysler, M. D.; Gladen, R. W.; Mcdonald, A. D.; Imam, S. K.; Shastry, K.; Koymen, A. R.; Saniz, R.; Barbiellini, B.; Rajeshwar, K.; Partoens, B.; Weiss, A. H.

doi:10.1038/ncomms16116

Title: Auger electron emission initiated by the creation of valence-band holes in graphene by positron annihilation

Journal Article · Thu Jul 13 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16116· OSTI ID:1466809

Chirayath, V. A. ^[1]; Callewaert, V. ^[2]; Fairchild, A. J. ^[1]; Chrysler, M. D. ^[1]; Gladen, R. W. ^[1]; Mcdonald, A. D. ^[1]; Imam, S. K. ^[1]; Shastry, K. ^[3]; Koymen, A. R. ^[1]; Saniz, R. ^[2]; Barbiellini, B. ^[4]; Rajeshwar, K. ^[1]; Partoens, B. ^[2]; Weiss, A. H. ^[1]

Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (United States)
Univ. Antwerpen, Antwerpen (Belgium)
Univ. of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX (United States); R. V. College of Engineering, Bangalore (India)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)

Auger processes involving the filling of holes in the valence band are thought to make important contributions to the low-energy photoelectron and secondary electron spectrum from many solids. However, measurements of the energy spectrum and the efficiency with which electrons are emitted in this process remain elusive due to a large unrelated background resulting from primary beam-induced secondary electrons. Here, we report the direct measurement of the energy spectra of electrons emitted from single layer graphene as a result of the decay of deep holes in the valence band. These measurements were made possible by eliminating competing backgrounds by employing low-energy positrons (<1.25 eV) to create valence-band holes by annihilation. Our experimental results, supported by theoretical calculations, indicate that between 80 and 100% of the deep valence-band holes in graphene are filled via an Auger transition.

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Research Organization:: Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for the Computational Design of Functional Layered Materials (CCDM); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Complex Materials from First Principles (CCM); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER46352; AC02-05CH11231; SC0012575

OSTI ID:: 1466809

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1489376

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 8; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 19 works

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Coincident measurement of the energy spectra of Doppler-shifted annihilation gamma quanta and positron-induced secondary electrons Gladen, R. W.; Chirayath, V. A.; Fairchild, A. J. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2019, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135838	conference	January 2019
Application of Doppler broadened gamma spectroscopy to study the surface of graphene Weiss, A. H.; Chirayath, V. A.; Gladen, R. W. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2019, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135844	conference	January 2019
Positron induced electron emission from graphite Fairchild, A. J.; Chirayath, V. A.; Gladen, R. W. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS) 2019, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5135846	conference	January 2019
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