Stellar Ar36,38(n,γ)Ar37,39 Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis

doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.112701

Title: Stellar ${}^{36, 38}{Ar} (n, γ) {}^{37, 39}{Ar}$ Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis

Abstract

Here, the ³⁶Ar(n,γ) ³⁷Ar (t _1/2 = 35 d) and ³⁸Ar(n,γ) ³⁹Ar (269 yr) reactions were studied for the first time with a quasi-Maxwellian (kT ~ 47 keV) neutron flux for Maxwellian average cross section (MACS) measurements at stellar energies. Gas samples were irradiated at the high-intensity Soreq applied research accelerator facility-liquid-lithium target neutron source and the ³⁷Ar/ ³⁶Ar and ³⁹Ar/ ³⁸Ar ratios in the activated samples were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry at the ATLAS facility (Argonne National Laboratory). The ³⁷Ar activity was also measured by low-level counting at the University of Bern. Experimental MACS of ³⁶Ar and ³⁸Ar, corrected to the standard 30 keV thermal energy, are 1.9(3) and 1.3(2) mb, respectively, differing from the theoretical and evaluated values published to date by up to an order of magnitude. The neutron-capture cross sections of ^36,38Ar are relevant to the stellar nucleosynthesis of light neutron-rich nuclides; the two experimental values are shown to affect the calculated mass fraction of nuclides in the region A = 36 – 48 during the weak s process. Finally, the new production cross sections have implications also for the use of ³⁷Ar and ³⁹Ar as environmental tracers in the atmosphere and hydrosphere.

Authors:

Tessler, M. ^[1]; Paul, M. ^[1]; Halfon, S. ^[2]; Meyer, B. S. ^[3]; Pardo, R. ^[4]; Purtschert, R. ^[5]; Rehm, K. E. ^[4]; Scott, R. ^[4]; Weigand, M. ^[6]; Weissman, L. ^[2]; Almaraz-Calderon, S. ^[4]; Avila, M. L. ^[4]; Baggenstos, D. ^[5]; Collon, P. ^[7]; Hazenshprung, N. ^[2]; Kashiv, Y. ^[7]; Kijel, D. ^[2]; Kreisel, A. ^[2]; Reifarth, R. ^[6]; Santiago-Gonzalez, D. ^[8] more »

Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
Soreq NRC, Yavne (Israel)
Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
University of Bern (Switzerland)
Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-09-11

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); European Commission - Community Research and Development Information Service (CORDIS) - Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)

OSTI Identifier:: 1488573

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; FG02-96ER40978

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 121; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Tessler, M., Paul, M., Halfon, S., Meyer, B. S., Pardo, R., Purtschert, R., Rehm, K. E., Scott, R., Weigand, M., Weissman, L., Almaraz-Calderon, S., Avila, M. L., Baggenstos, D., Collon, P., Hazenshprung, N., Kashiv, Y., Kijel, D., Kreisel, A., Reifarth, R., Santiago-Gonzalez, D., Shor, A., Silverman, I., Talwar, R., Veltum, D., and Vondrasek, R. Stellar Ar36,38(n,γ)Ar37,39 Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.112701.

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                    Tessler, M., Paul, M., Halfon, S., Meyer, B. S., Pardo, R., Purtschert, R., Rehm, K. E., Scott, R., Weigand, M., Weissman, L., Almaraz-Calderon, S., Avila, M. L., Baggenstos, D., Collon, P., Hazenshprung, N., Kashiv, Y., Kijel, D., Kreisel, A., Reifarth, R., Santiago-Gonzalez, D., Shor, A., Silverman, I., Talwar, R., Veltum, D., & Vondrasek, R. Stellar Ar36,38(n,γ)Ar37,39 Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.112701

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                    Tessler, M., Paul, M., Halfon, S., Meyer, B. S., Pardo, R., Purtschert, R., Rehm, K. E., Scott, R., Weigand, M., Weissman, L., Almaraz-Calderon, S., Avila, M. L., Baggenstos, D., Collon, P., Hazenshprung, N., Kashiv, Y., Kijel, D., Kreisel, A., Reifarth, R., Santiago-Gonzalez, D., Shor, A., Silverman, I., Talwar, R., Veltum, D., and Vondrasek, R. Tue .  
        "Stellar Ar36,38(n,γ)Ar37,39 Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.112701.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1488573.

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@article{osti_1488573,

  title        = {Stellar Ar36,38(n,γ)Ar37,39 Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis},

  author       = {Tessler, M. and Paul, M. and Halfon, S. and Meyer, B. S. and Pardo, R. and Purtschert, R. and Rehm, K. E. and Scott, R. and Weigand, M. and Weissman, L. and Almaraz-Calderon, S. and Avila, M. L. and Baggenstos, D. and Collon, P. and Hazenshprung, N. and Kashiv, Y. and Kijel, D. and Kreisel, A. and Reifarth, R. and Santiago-Gonzalez, D. and Shor, A. and Silverman, I. and Talwar, R. and Veltum, D. and Vondrasek, R.},

  abstractNote = {Here, the 36Ar(n,γ) 37Ar (t1/2 = 35 d) and 38Ar(n,γ) 39Ar (269 yr) reactions were studied for the first time with a quasi-Maxwellian (kT ~ 47 keV) neutron flux for Maxwellian average cross section (MACS) measurements at stellar energies. Gas samples were irradiated at the high-intensity Soreq applied research accelerator facility-liquid-lithium target neutron source and the 37Ar/36Ar and 39Ar/38Ar ratios in the activated samples were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry at the ATLAS facility (Argonne National Laboratory). The 37Ar activity was also measured by low-level counting at the University of Bern. Experimental MACS of 36Ar and 38Ar, corrected to the standard 30 keV thermal energy, are 1.9(3) and 1.3(2) mb, respectively, differing from the theoretical and evaluated values published to date by up to an order of magnitude. The neutron-capture cross sections of 36,38Ar are relevant to the stellar nucleosynthesis of light neutron-rich nuclides; the two experimental values are shown to affect the calculated mass fraction of nuclides in the region A = 36 – 48 during the weak s process. Finally, the new production cross sections have implications also for the use of 37Ar and 39Ar as environmental tracers in the atmosphere and hydrosphere.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.112701},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1488573},
  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  issn         = {0031-9007},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 121,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {9}

}

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The Stellar Neutron‐Capture Rate of \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $^{34}$ \end{document} S: The Origin of \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $^{36}$ \end{document} S Challenged
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Citation Formats

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=40 journal, February 2017

The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans journal, May 2018

Heavy ion separation with a gas-filled magnetic spectrograph journal, May 1989

The Thermal Neutron-Capture Cross Section of A 36 journal, March 1950

Mars and Earth: Origin and Abundance of Volatiles journal, November 1977

Modern Nuclear Data Evaluation with the TALYS Code System journal, December 2012

Astrophysical Reaction Rates From Statistical Model Calculations journal, May 2000

KADoNiS- The Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars conference, January 2006

On the 14 C and 39 Ar Distribution in the Central Arctic Ocean: Implications for Deep Water Formation journal, January 1994

A dating method with39Ar journal, April 1983

Ten years low-level counting in the underground laboratoryin in Bern, Switzerland journal, November 1986

Semiempirical thermonuclear reaction-rate data for intermediate-mass nuclei journal, November 1978

ENDF/B-VII.1 Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields and Decay Data journal, December 2011

Stellar 30-keV neutron capture in 94, 96 Zr and the Zr 90 ( γ , n ) Zr 89 photonuclear reaction with a high-power liquid-lithium target journal, December 2015

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 37 journal, February 2012

Stellar ( n , γ ) Cross Section of N i 62 journal, March 2005

Reducing potassium contamination for AMS detection of 39Ar with an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source journal, July 2012

Tracing Noble gas Radionuclides in the Environment journal, December 2004

High pressure gas spheres for neutron and photon experiments journal, September 2009

The Reaction Rate Sensitivity of Nucleosynthesis in Type II Supernovae journal, August 1999

Development of an AMS method to study oceanic circulation characteristics using cosmogenic 39Ar journal, August 2004

A review of the homestake solar neutrino experiment journal, January 1994

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 39 journal, February 2006

Quasi-stellar neutrons from the 7 Li( p , n ) 7 Be reaction with an energy-broadened proton beam journal, May 2012

Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements journal, July 2003

Natural 37 Ar Concentrations in Soil Air: Implications for Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions journal, October 2011

Geant4—a simulation toolkit journal, July 2003

A radiogenic heating evolution model for cosmochemically Earth-like exoplanets journal, November 2014

Argon 37, argon 39, and krypton 81 in the atmosphere and tracer studies based on these isotopes journal, May 1970

M L Orbital-Electron-Capture Ratio in Ar 37 Decay and the Fraction of K α X Rays in the K Series of Chlorine journal, February 1968

High-power liquid-lithium jet target for neutron production journal, December 2013

Synthesis of the Elements in Stars journal, October 1957

Constraining the age distribution of highly mixed groundwater using 39 Ar: A multiple environmental tracer ( 3 H/ 3 He, 85 Kr, 39 Ar, and 14 C) study in the semiconfined Fontainebleau Sands Aquifer (France) : CONSTRAINING THE AGE OF GROUNDWATER journal, March 2007

Note: Proton irradiation at kilowatt-power and neutron production from a free-surface liquid-lithium target journal, May 2014

Simulation of the neutron spectrum from the 7Li(p,n) reaction with a liquid-lithium target at Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility journal, January 2013

Thermal Neutron Capture Cross Section of A 40 and Observation of A 42 journal, September 1952

Cosmogenic production of Ar 39 and Ar 37 in argon journal, August 2019

Reactions along the astrophysical s-process path and prospects for neutron radiotherapy with the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) at the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF) journal, March 2019

Measurement of Cu 63 , 65 ( n , γ ) Cu 64 , 66 and Co 59 ( n , γ ) Co 60 Maxwellian-averaged neutron-capture cross sections journal, December 2019

Title: Stellar ${}^{36, 38}{Ar} (n, γ) {}^{37, 39}{Ar}$ Reactions and Their Effect on Light Neutron-Rich Nuclide Synthesis

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=40
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The Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF): Overview, research programs and future plans
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The Thermal Neutron-Capture Cross Section of $A^{36}$
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Mars and Earth: Origin and Abundance of Volatiles
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Modern Nuclear Data Evaluation with the TALYS Code System
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Astrophysical Reaction Rates From Statistical Model Calculations
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KADoNiS- The Karlsruhe Astrophysical Database of Nucleosynthesis in Stars
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On the ¹⁴ C and ³⁹ Ar Distribution in the Central Arctic Ocean: Implications for Deep Water Formation
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A dating method with39Ar
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Ten years low-level counting in the underground laboratoryin in Bern, Switzerland
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Semiempirical thermonuclear reaction-rate data for intermediate-mass nuclei
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ENDF/B-VII.1 Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Cross Sections, Covariances, Fission Product Yields and Decay Data
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Stellar 30-keV neutron capture in 94, 96 Zr and the ${}^{90}{Zr} (γ, n) {}^{89}{Zr}$ photonuclear reaction with a high-power liquid-lithium target
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Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 37
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Stellar $(n, γ)$ Cross Section of ${}^{62}{N i}$
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Reducing potassium contamination for AMS detection of 39Ar with an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source
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Tracing Noble gas Radionuclides in the Environment
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High pressure gas spheres for neutron and photon experiments
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The Reaction Rate Sensitivity of Nucleosynthesis in Type II Supernovae
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Development of an AMS method to study oceanic circulation characteristics using cosmogenic 39Ar
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A review of the homestake solar neutrino experiment
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Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 39
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Quasi-stellar neutrons from the $^{7}$ Li( $p, n$ ) $^{7}$ Be reaction with an energy-broadened proton beam
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Solar System Abundances and Condensation Temperatures of the Elements
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Natural ³⁷ Ar Concentrations in Soil Air: Implications for Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions
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Geant4—a simulation toolkit
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A radiogenic heating evolution model for cosmochemically Earth-like exoplanets
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Argon 37, argon 39, and krypton 81 in the atmosphere and tracer studies based on these isotopes
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$\frac{M}{L}$ Orbital-Electron-Capture Ratio in ${Ar}^{37}$ Decay and the Fraction of $K_{α}$ X Rays in the $K$ Series of Chlorine
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High-power liquid-lithium jet target for neutron production
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Synthesis of the Elements in Stars
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Constraining the age distribution of highly mixed groundwater using ³⁹ Ar: A multiple environmental tracer ( ³ H/ ³ He, ⁸⁵ Kr, ³⁹ Ar, and ¹⁴ C) study in the semiconfined Fontainebleau Sands Aquifer (France) : CONSTRAINING THE AGE OF GROUNDWATER
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Note: Proton irradiation at kilowatt-power and neutron production from a free-surface liquid-lithium target
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Simulation of the neutron spectrum from the 7Li(p,n) reaction with a liquid-lithium target at Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility
journal, January 2013

Thermal Neutron Capture Cross Section of $A^{40}$ and Observation of $A^{42}$
journal, September 1952

Cosmogenic production of ${}^{39}{Ar}$ and ${}^{37}{Ar}$ in argon
journal, August 2019

Reactions along the astrophysical s-process path and prospects for neutron radiotherapy with the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) at the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF)
journal, March 2019

Measurement of ${}^{63, 65}{Cu} (n, γ) {}^{64, 66}{Cu}$ and ${}^{59}{Co} (n, γ) {}^{60}{Co}$ Maxwellian-averaged neutron-capture cross sections
journal, December 2019