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Title: Cost of automotive lithium-ion batteries operating at high upper cutoff voltages

Journal Article · · Journal of Power Sources
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
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Here, the potential for operating automotive battery packs at high upper cutoff voltages (UCV) has been explored using preliminary data on eight cathode materials. The pack level energy density, specific energy, and battery cost are calculated using the spreadsheet tool BatPaC. The tool used experimental data for some cathode materials such as the lithiated oxides of nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA), layered lithium- and manganese-rich nickel manganese cobalt (LMRNMC). The half-cell data were obtained at UCVs between 4.2 and 4.7 V vs. Li/Li+. The experimental data showed LMRNMC with the highest lithiation capacity gain, increasing from 176 mAh·g–1 at 4.2 V to 260 mAh·g–1 at 4.7 V; this advantage is partly offset by its lower average voltage. Assuming optimized cell materials/design and an area-specific impedance of 12 Ω•cm2 for all the materials, the BatPaC results indicate that the specific energies or energy densities of the battery electric vehicle (BEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery packs with the LMRNMC and NMC cathodes can exceed 180 (BEV) and 160 (PHEV) Wh·kg–1 at UCV>4.6 V vs. Li/Li+. The costs of these battery packs are lowest at UCV = 4.7 V (vs. Li/Li+); estimated at 135–145 and 210–220 $·kWh–1 for BEV and PHEV packs, respectively.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1488410
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1636542
Journal Information:
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 403, Issue C; ISSN 0378-7753
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 36 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (4)

Solid versus Liquid—A Bottom‐Up Calculation Model to Analyze the Manufacturing Cost of Future High‐Energy Batteries journal December 2019
Direct and Indirect Environmental Aspects of an Electric Bus Fleet Under Service journal January 2020
Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles journal June 2019
Safety Issues in Lithium Ion Batteries: Materials and Cell Design journal July 2019

Figures / Tables (16)

Table 1(p. 9)table Table 1
Table 2(p. 12)table Table 2
Table 3(p. 13)table Table 3
Figure 1(p. 15)figure Figure 1
Figure 2(p. 17)figure Figure 2
Figure 3(p. 19)figure Figure 3
Table 4(p. 20)table Table 4
Figure 4(p. 23)figure Figure 4
Figure 5(p. 26)figure Figure 5
Figure 6(p. 27)figure Figure 6
Figure 7(p. 29)figure Figure 7
Table 6(p. 30)table Table 6
Figure 8(p. 32)figure Figure 8
Table 7(p. 32)table Table 7
Figure S1(p. 39)figure Figure S1
Figure-3(p. 43)figure Figure-3

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
Upper cutoff voltage
battery cost
cathode
high-energy high-voltage
lithium ion battery cost
specific energy