Electrochemical trapping of metastable Mn 3+ ions for activation of MnO 2 oxygen evolution catalysts

Morgan Chan, Zamyla; Kitchaev, Daniil A.; Nelson Weker, Johanna; Schnedermann, Christoph; Lim, Kipil; Ceder, Gerbrand; Tumas, William; Toney, Michael F.; Nocera, Daniel G.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1722235115

Title: Electrochemical trapping of metastable Mn ³⁺ ions for activation of MnO ₂ oxygen evolution catalysts

Journal Article · Mon May 21 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722235115· OSTI ID:1438083

Morgan Chan, Zamyla ^[1]; Kitchaev, Daniil A. ^[2]; Nelson Weker, Johanna ^[3]; Schnedermann, Christoph ^[1]; Lim, Kipil ^[4]; Ceder, Gerbrand ^[5]; Tumas, William ^[6]; Toney, Michael F. ^[3];

^[1]

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139,
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025,
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025,, Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139,, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720,, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401

Electrodeposited manganese oxide films are promising catalysts for promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially in acidic solutions. The activity of these catalysts is known to be enhanced by the introduction of Mn³⁺. We present in situ electrochemical and X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies, which reveal that Mn³⁺ may be introduced into MnO₂ by an electrochemically induced comproportionation reaction with Mn²⁺ and that Mn³⁺ persists in OER active films. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of the Mn³⁺-activated films indicate a decrease in the Mn–O coordination number, and Raman microspectroscopy reveals the presence of distorted Mn–O environments. Computational studies show that Mn³⁺ is kinetically trapped in tetrahedral sites and in a fully oxidized structure, consistent with the reduction of coordination number observed in EXAFS. Although in a reduced state, computation shows that Mn³⁺ states are stabilized relative to those of oxygen and that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is thus dominated by oxygen states. Furthermore, the Mn³⁺(Td) induces local strain on the oxide sublattice as observed in Raman spectra and results in a reduced gap between the HOMO and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The confluence of a reduced HOMO–LUMO gap and oxygen-based HOMO results in the facilitation of OER on the application of anodic potentials to the δ-MnO₂ polymorph incorporating Mn³⁺ ions.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Next Generation of Materials by Design: Incorporating Metastability (CNGMD); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; AC02-76SF00515; 1541959; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1438083

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1458415; OSTI ID: 1485097

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 115 Journal Issue: 23; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 152 works

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08 HYDROGEN
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Title: Electrochemical trapping of metastable Mn 3+ ions for activation of MnO 2 oxygen evolution catalysts

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Title: Electrochemical trapping of metastable Mn ³⁺ ions for activation of MnO ₂ oxygen evolution catalysts