Non-flammable electrolyte enables Li-metal batteries with aggressive cathode chemistries
Rechargeable Li-metal batteries using high-voltage cathodes can deliver the highest possible energy densities among all electrochemistries. However, the notorious reactivity of metallic lithium as well as the catalytic nature of high-voltage cathode materials largely prevents their practical application. Here, we report a non-flammable fluorinated electrolyte that supports the most aggressive and high-voltage cathodes in a Li-metal battery. Our battery shows high cycling stability, as evidenced by the efficiencies for Li-metal plating/stripping (99.2%) for a 5 V cathode LiCoPO4 (-99.81%) and a Ni-rich LiNi0.8Mn0.1,Co0.3,O2 cathode (-99.93%). At a loading of 2.0 mAh cm-2, our full cells retain -93% of their original capacities after 1,000 cycles. Surface analyses and quantum chemistry calculations show that stabilization of these aggressive chemistries at extreme potentials is due to the formation of a several-nanometre-thick fluorinated interphase.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) - Office of Vehicle Technology - Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- OSTI ID:
- 1484290
- Journal Information:
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 8; ISSN 1748-3387
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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