Time resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a big data capture approach to KPFM

Collins, Liam; Ahmadi, Mahshid; Qin, Jiajun; Liu, Yongtao; Ovchinnikova, Olga S.; Hu, Bin; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V.

doi:10.1088/1361-6528/aad873

Title: Time resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a big data capture approach to KPFM

Journal Article · Thu Sep 06 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nanotechnology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aad873· OSTI ID:1483186

^[1]; Ahmadi, Mahshid ^[2]; Qin, Jiajun ^[2];

^[2];

^[1]; Hu, Bin ^[2];

^[1];

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Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Optoelectronic behavior in materials such as organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites depend on a complex interplay between fast (electronic) and slower (ionic) processes. These processes are thought to be influenced by structural inhomogeneities (e.g. interfaces and grain boundaries) bringing forward the necessity for development of techniques capable of correlating nanostructure and photo-transport behavior. While Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is ideally suited to map surface potentials on relevant length scales, it lacks sufficient temporal resolution to extract the meaningful system dynamics. Here, we develop a time resolved surface photovoltage (SPV) measurement based on full information capture of the photodetector stream during open loop KPFM operation. G-Mode, or G-KPFM allows quantification of SPV with microsecond temporal and nanoscale spatial resolution. Using this technique, we observe concurrent spatial and fast temporal variations in the SPV generated across a methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) thin film, a possible indicator relating microstructure with heterogenous photo-transport behavior. Here, we further demonstrate the advantage of adopting big data analytics including unsupervised clustering methods to quickly discern spatial variability in the information rich SPV dataset. Beyond G-KPFM, such clustering methods will be useful for interpretation of the multidimensional datasets arising from the growing number of time resolved KPFM approaches now available.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1483186

Journal Information:: Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 44; ISSN 0957-4484

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 34 works

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Nanoscale Polarization‐Resolved Surface Photovoltage of a Pleochroic Squaraine Thin Film Balzer, Frank; Abdullaeva, Oliya S.; Maderitsch, Angelika physica status solidi (b), Vol. 257, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201900570	journal	September 2019
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Title: Time resolved surface photovoltage measurements using a big data capture approach to KPFM

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