An Intermediate-Temperature High-Performance Na–ZnCl 2 Battery

Lu, Xiaochuan; Chang, Hee Jung; Bonnett, Jeffery F.; Canfield, Nathan L.; Jung, Keeyoung; Sprenkle, Vincent L.; Li, Guosheng

doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b02112

Title: An Intermediate-Temperature High-Performance Na–ZnCl ₂ Battery

Journal Article · Fri Nov 16 00:00:00 EST 2018 · ACS Omega

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02112· OSTI ID:1482428

Lu, Xiaochuan ^[1]; Chang, Hee Jung ^[1]; Bonnett, Jeffery F. ^[1]; Canfield, Nathan L. ^[1]; Jung, Keeyoung ^[2]; Sprenkle, Vincent L. ^[1];

^[1]

Electrochemical Materials and Systems Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
Materials Research Division, Research Institute of Industrial Science & Technology, Pohang 790-330, South Korea

The Na-β-alumina battery (NBB) is one of the most promising energy storage technologies for integrating renewable energy resources into the grid. In the family of NBBs, Na-NiCl2 battery has been extensively studied during the past decade because it has a lower operating temperature, better safety, and good battery performance. One of the major issues with the Na-NiCl2 battery is material cost, which is primarily from Ni metal in the battery cathode. As an alternative, Zn is much cheaper than Ni, and replacing Ni with Zn in the cathode can significantly reduce the cost. In this work, we investigate the performance and reaction mechanism for a Na-ZnCl2 battery at 190 °C. Two-step reversible reactions are identified. During the first step of charging, NaCl reacts with Zn to produce a ribbon-type Na2ZnCl4 layer. This layer is formed at the NaCl-Zn interface rather than covering the surface of the Zn particles, which leads to an excellent cell rate capability. During the second step, the produced Na2ZnCl4 is gradually consumed to form ZnCl2 on the surface of Zn particles. The formed ZnCl2 covers most of the surface area of the Zn particles and shows a limited rate capability compared to that of the first step. We conclude that this limited performance of the second step is due to the passivation of Zn particles by ZnCl2, which blocks the electron pathway of the NaCl-Zn cathodes.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: 70247; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1482428

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1491731; OSTI ID: 1508785

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-137277

Journal Information:: ACS Omega, Journal Name: ACS Omega Vol. 3 Journal Issue: 11; ISSN 2470-1343

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 12 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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