Vapor-Phase-Gating-Induced Ultrasensitive Ion Detection in Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Hao, Ji; Li, Bo; Jung, Hyun Young; Liu, Fangze; Hong, Sanghyun; Jung, Yung Joon; Kar, Swastik

doi:10.1002/adma.201606883

Title: Vapor-Phase-Gating-Induced Ultrasensitive Ion Detection in Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Journal Article · Mon Apr 10 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606883· OSTI ID:1481992

Hao, Ji ^[1]; Li, Bo ^[2]; Jung, Hyun Young ^[3];

^[4]; Hong, Sanghyun ^[1]; Jung, Yung Joon ^[1];

^[5]

Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States); Villanova University, PA (United States)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States); Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju‐Si (South Korea)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States) ; Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States) ; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan (China)

Designing ultrasensitive detectors often requires complex architectures, high-voltage operations, and sophisticated low-noise measurements. Here, it is shown that simple low-bias two-terminal DC-conductance values of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes are extremely sensitive to ionized gas molecules. Incident ions form an electrode-free, dielectric- or electrolyte-free, bias-free vapor-phase top-gate that can efficiently modulate carrier densities up to ≈0.6 × 10¹³ cm^-2. Surprisingly, the resulting current changes are several orders of magnitude larger than that expected from conventional electrostatic gating, suggesting the possible role of a current-gain inducing mechanism similar to those seen in photodetectors. These miniature detectors demonstrate charge–current amplification factor values exceeding 10⁸ A C^-1 in vacuum with undiminished responses in open air, and clearly distinguish between positive and negative ions sources. At extremely low rates of ion incidence, detector currents show stepwise changes with time, and calculations suggest that these stepwise changes can result from arrival of individual ions. Lastly, these sensitive ion detectors are used to demonstrate a proof-of-concept low-cost, amplifier-free, light-emitting-diode-based low-power ion-indicator.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1481992

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-18-21107

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 23; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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carbon nanotubes
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ion detection
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