Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Yu, Xinghua; Feng, Zhili; Ren, Yang; Henn, Daniel; Wu, Zhenggang; An, Ke; Wu, Bi; Fau, Christian; Li, Chen; Harris, Stephen J.

doi:10.1149/2.1251807jes

Title: Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Journal Article · Thu May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes· OSTI ID:1438509

Yu, Xinghua;

; Ren, Yang; Henn, Daniel; Wu, Zhenggang; An, Ke; Wu, Bi; Fau, Christian; Li, Chen; Harris, Stephen J.

A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1438509

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1480825; OSTI ID: 1490700; OSTI ID: 1907244

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol. 165 Journal Issue: 7; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 32 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (65)

Chemistry, Impedance, and Morphology Evolution in Solid Electrolyte Interphase Films during Formation in Lithium Ion Batteries Lu, Peng; Li, Chen; Schneider, Eric W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4111019	journal	December 2013
Model-Based Virtual Thermal Sensors for Lithium-Ion Battery in EV Applications Xiao, Ying IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 62, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2386793	journal	May 2015
Heterogeneous behavior modeling of a LiFePO 4 -graphite cell using an equivalent electrical circuit Damay, Nicolas; Forgez, Christophe; Friedrich, Guy Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.04.014	journal	August 2017
Spinel materials for Li-ion batteries: new insights obtained by operando neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction Bianchini, Matteo; Fauth, François; Suard, Emmanuelle Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052520615017199	journal	November 2015
Fast charging technique for high power LiFePO4 batteries: A mechanistic analysis of aging Anseán, D.; Dubarry, M.; Devie, A. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.140	journal	July 2016
Analysis of Electrochemical and Thermal Behavior of Li-Ion Cells Srinivasan, Venkat; Wang, C. Y. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1526512	journal	January 2003
Operando X-ray Diffraction Study of Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Li _x Ni _0.5 Mn _0.3 Co _0.2 O ₂ Weber, Rochelle; Fell, Christopher R.; Dahn, J. R. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0441713jes	journal	January 2017
Understanding structural changes in NMC Li-ion cells by in situ neutron diffraction Dolotko, O.; Senyshyn, A.; Mühlbauer, M. J. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 255 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.010	journal	June 2014
Direct in situ measurements of Li transport in Li-ion battery negative electrodes Harris, Stephen J.; Timmons, Adam; Baker, Daniel R. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 485, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.033	journal	January 2010
Lithiation-Induced Dilation Mapping in a Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode by 3D X-Ray Microscopy and Digital Volume Correlation Eastwood, David S.; Yufit, Vladimir; Gelb, Jeff Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201300506	journal	November 2013
Stochastic simulation model for the 3D morphology of composite materials in Li–ion batteries Thiedmann, Ralf; Stenzel, Ole; Spettl, Aaron Computational Materials Science, Vol. 50, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.031	journal	December 2011
Visualization and Quantification of Electrochemical and Mechanical Degradation in Li Ion Batteries Ebner, M.; Marone, F.; Stampanoni, M. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6159 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1241882	journal	October 2013
Embedded fiber-optic sensing for accurate internal monitoring of cell state in advanced battery management systems part 1: Cell embedding method and performance Raghavan, Ajay; Kiesel, Peter; Sommer, Lars Wilko Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 341 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.104	journal	February 2017
Simulation of temperature distribution in cylindrical and prismatic lithium ion secondary batteries Inui, Y.; Kobayashi, Y.; Watanabe, Y. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 48, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2006.12.012	journal	July 2007
Visualizing the chemistry and structure dynamics in lithium-ion batteries by in-situ neutron diffraction Wang, Xun-Li; An, Ke; Cai, Lu Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00747	journal	October 2012
Production caused variation in capacity aging trend and correlation to initial cell performance Baumhöfer, Thorsten; Brühl, Manuel; Rothgang, Susanne Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 247 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.108	journal	February 2014
A combustion chemistry analysis of carbonate solvents used in Li-ion batteries Harris, Stephen J.; Timmons, Adam; Pitz, William J. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 193, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.04.030	journal	September 2009
Thermal characterizations of a large-format lithium ion cell focused on high current discharges Veth, C.; Dragicevic, D.; Merten, C. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.139	journal	December 2014
Rate-Dependent, Li-Ion Insertion/Deinsertion Behavior of LiFePO ₄ Cathodes in Commercial 18650 LiFePO ₄ Cells Liu, Qi; He, Hao; Li, Zhe-Fei ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/am405150c	journal	February 2014
In Situ Observation of Strains during Lithiation of a Graphite Electrode Qi, Yue; Harris, Stephen J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 157, Issue 6, p. A741-A747 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.3377130	journal	January 2010
Thermal modeling of a cylindrical LiFePO4/graphite lithium-ion battery Forgez, Christophe; Vinh Do, Dinh; Friedrich, Guy Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 195, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.105	journal	May 2010
In-situ observation of inhomogeneous degradation in large format Li-ion cells by neutron diffraction Cai, Lu; An, Ke; Feng, Zhili Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 236 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.02.066	journal	August 2013
Local Tortuosity Inhomogeneities in a Lithium Battery Composite Electrode Kehrwald, Dirk; Shearing, Paul R.; Brandon, Nigel P. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.079112jes	journal	January 2011
Measuring and assessing the effective in-plane thermal conductivity of lithium iron phosphate pouch cells Bazinski, S. J.; Wang, X.; Sangeorzan, B. P. Energy, Vol. 114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.08.087	journal	November 2016
Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical, and Electrochromic Properties of Lanthanide Bis-Phthalocyanines Orman, Efe Baturhan; Koca, Atıf; Özkaya, Ali Rıza Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 161, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.111406jes	journal	January 2014
Thermal runaway caused fire and explosion of lithium ion battery Wang, Qingsong; Ping, Ping; Zhao, Xuejuan Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 208 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.038	journal	June 2012
A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Fan, Liwu; Khodadadi, J. M.; Pesaran, A. A. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.050	journal	September 2013
Effect of different binders on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C cathode material in lithium ion batteries Hu, Sijiang; Li, Yu; Yin, Jinchao Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 237 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.119	journal	February 2014
Switching between solid solution and two-phase regimes in the Li1-xFe1-yMnyPO4 cathode materials during lithium (de)insertion: combined PITT, in situ XRPD and electron diffraction tomography study Drozhzhin, Oleg A.; Sumanov, Vasiliy D.; Karakulina, Olesia M. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 191 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.018	journal	February 2016
Streamline three-dimensional thermal model of a lithium titanate pouch cell battery in extreme temperature conditions with module simulation Jaguemont, Joris; Omar, Noshin; Martel, François Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 367 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.09.028	journal	November 2017
Chemomechanical fatigue of LiMn1.95Al0.05O4 electrodes for lithium-ion batteries Chen, Di; Kramer, Dominik; Mönig, Reiner Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 259 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.179	journal	January 2018
Thermal conductivity and internal temperature profiles of Li-ion secondary batteries Richter, Frank; Kjelstrup, Signe; Vie, Preben J. S. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 359 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.045	journal	August 2017
Direct In Situ Observation and Numerical Simulations of Non-Shrinking-Core Behavior in an MCMB Graphite Composite Electrode Harris, Stephen J.; Rahani, Ehsan Kabiri; Shenoy, Vivek B. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.055209jes	journal	January 2012
Tracking inhomogeneity in high-capacity lithium iron phosphate batteries Paxton, William A.; Zhong, Zhong; Tsakalakos, Thomas Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 275 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.035	journal	February 2015
Effects of Inhomogeneities—Nanoscale to Mesoscale—on the Durability of Li-Ion Batteries Harris, Stephen J.; Lu, Peng The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp311431z	journal	February 2013
Correlationship between electrode mechanics and long-term cycling performance for graphite anode in lithium ion cells Zheng, Honghe; Zhang, Li; Liu, Gao Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 217 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.045	journal	November 2012
Non-uniform aging of cycled commercial LiFePO4//graphite cylindrical cells revealed by post-mortem analysis Klett, Matilda; Eriksson, Rickard; Groot, Jens Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 257 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.105	journal	July 2014
Rolling contact fatigue of surface coatings—a review Stewart, S.; Ahmed, R. Wear, Vol. 253, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00234-X	journal	December 2002
High-Rate Charging Induced Intermediate Phases and Structural Changes of Layer-Structured Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Zhou, Yong-Ning; Yue, Ji-Li; Hu, Enyuan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600597	journal	August 2016
Stress evolution and capacity fade in constrained lithium-ion pouch cells Cannarella, John; Arnold, Craig B. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 245 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.165	journal	January 2014
Thermal Model of Cylindrical and Prismatic Lithium-Ion Cells Hatchard, T. D.; MacNeil, D. D.; Basu, A. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 148, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1377592	journal	January 2001
Modeling of Galvanostatic Charge and Discharge of the Lithium/Polymer/Insertion Cell Doyle, Marc Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2221597	journal	January 1993
Mesopores inside electrode particles can change the Li-ion transport mechanism and diffusion-induced stress Harris, Stephen J.; Deshpande, Rutooj D.; Qi, Yue Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 25, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2010.0183	journal	August 2010
Failure statistics for commercial lithium ion batteries: A study of 24 pouch cells Harris, Stephen J.; Harris, David J.; Li, Chen Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 342 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.083	journal	February 2017
Simulation and Measurement of Local Potentials of Modified Commercial Cylindrical Cells: I. Cell Preparation and Measurements Osswald, P. J.; Erhard, S. V.; Wilhelm, J. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 162, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0561510jes	journal	January 2015
Identify capacity fading mechanism in a commercial LiFePO4 cell Dubarry, Matthieu; Liaw, Bor Yann Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 194, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.05.036	journal	October 2009
Development of an Advanced Two-Dimensional Thermal Model for Large size Lithium-ion Pouch Cells Samba, Ahmadou; Omar, Noshin; Gualous, Hamid Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.113	journal	January 2014
Safety focused modeling of lithium-ion batteries: A review Abada, S.; Marlair, G.; Lecocq, A. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.100	journal	February 2016
Lithium-ion cell-to-cell variation during battery electric vehicle operation Schuster, Simon F.; Brand, Martin J.; Berg, Philipp Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 297 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.08.001	journal	November 2015
Measurement of the internal cell temperature via impedance: Evaluation and application of a new method Schmidt, Jan Philipp; Arnold, Stefan; Loges, André Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 243 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.013	journal	December 2013
Internal Cell Temperature Measurement and Thermal Modeling of Lithium Ion Cells for Automotive Applications by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Haussmann, Peter; Melbert, Joachim SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-1215	journal	March 2017
(Invited) Robust Internal Temperature Sensing of Large-Format Li-Ion Cells Zhang, Guangsheng; Ge, Shanhai; Leng, Yongjun ECS Meeting Abstracts, Vol. MA2017-01, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/MA2017-01/4/263	journal	April 2017
Thermal diffusivity study of aged Li-ion batteries using flash method Nagpure, Shrikant C.; Dinwiddie, Ralph; Babu, S. S. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 195, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.025	journal	February 2010
In-Operando Measurement of Temperature Gradients in Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Cells during High-Current Discharge Waldmann, T.; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M. ECS Electrochemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0031501eel	journal	October 2014
A pomegranate-inspired nanoscale design for large-volume-change lithium battery anodes Liu, Nian; Lu, Zhenda; Zhao, Jie Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.6	journal	February 2014
In-plane nonuniform temperature effects on the performance of a large-format lithium-ion pouch cell Klein, M.; Tong, S.; Park, J. W. Applied Energy, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.090	journal	March 2016
Probing Multiscale Transport and Inhomogeneity in a Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Using In Situ Neutron Methods Zhou, Hui; An, Ke; Allu, Srikanth ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00353	journal	October 2016
Quantifying Inhomogeneity of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes and Its Influence on Electrochemical Performance Müller, Simon; Eller, Jens; Ebner, Martin Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0311802jes	journal	January 2018
Mechanical and Electrochemical Response of a LiCoO2 Cathode using Reconstructed Microstructures Mendoza, Hector; Roberts, Scott A.; Brunini, Victor E. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.224	journal	February 2016
Volume, Pressure and Thickness Evolution of Li-Ion Pouch Cells with Silicon-Composite Negative Electrodes Louli, A. J.; Li, Jing; Trussler, S. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1691712jes	journal	January 2017
Life prediction model for grid-connected Li-ion battery energy storage system Smith, Kandler; Saxon, Aron; Keyser, Matthew 2017 American Control Conference (ACC) https://doi.org/10.23919/ACC.2017.7963578	conference	May 2017
Internal temperature prediction of Lithium-ion cell using differential voltage technique Tripathy, Yashraj; McGordon, Andrew; Low, John 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC) https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2017.7993315	conference	June 2017
Non-uniform temperature distribution in Li-ion batteries during discharge – A combined thermal imaging, X-ray micro-tomography and electrochemical impedance approach Robinson, James B.; Darr, Jawwad A.; Eastwood, David S. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.059	journal	April 2014
Modeling stresses in the separator of a pouch lithium-ion cell Shi, Danghe; Xiao, Xinran; Huang, Xiaosong Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 19, p. 8129-8139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.026	journal	October 2011
Thermal Barrier Coatings for Gas-Turbine Engine Applications Padture, N. P. Science, Vol. 296, Issue 5566 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1068609	journal	April 2002