Tunnelling spectroscopy of Andreev states in graphene

Bretheau, Landry; Wang, Joel I-Jan; Pisoni, Riccardo; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo

doi:10.1038/NPHYS4110

Title: Tunnelling spectroscopy of Andreev states in graphene

Journal Article · Mon May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/NPHYS4110· OSTI ID:1473905

Bretheau, Landry ^[1]; Wang, Joel I-Jan ^[1]; Pisoni, Riccardo ^[1];

^[2]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[2]; Jarillo-Herrero, Pablo ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)

A normal conductor placed in good contact with a superconductor can inherit its remarkable electronic properties. This proximity effect microscopically originates from the formation in the conductor of entangled electron–hole states, called Andreev states. Spectroscopic studies of Andreev states have been performed in just a handful of systems. The unique geometry, electronic structure and high mobility of graphene make it a novel platform for studying Andreev physics in two dimensions. In this paper, we use a full van der Waals heterostructure to perform tunnelling spectroscopy measurements of the proximity effect in superconductor–graphene–superconductor junctions. The measured energy spectra, which depend on the phase difference between the superconductors, reveal the presence of a continuum of Andreev bound states. Moreover, our device heterostructure geometry and materials enable us to measure the Andreev spectrum as a function of the graphene Fermi energy, showing a transition between different mesoscopic regimes. Furthermore, by experimentally introducing a novel concept, the supercurrent spectral density, we determine the supercurrent–phase relation in a tunnelling experiment, thus establishing the connection between Andreev physics at finite energy and the Josephson effect. Finally, this work opens up new avenues for probing exotic topological phases of matter in hybrid superconducting Dirac materials.

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Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (United States); Taiwan Merit Scholarship

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001819; DMR-0819762; ECS-0335765; GBMF4541; TMS-094-1-A-001

OSTI ID:: 1473905

Journal Information:: Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 8; ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 58 works

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