skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Phylogenomics reveals the dynamic evolution of fungal nitric oxide reductases and their relationship to secondary metabolism

Journal Article · · Genome Biology and Evolution
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evy187· OSTI ID:1468244

Fungi expressing P450nor, an unconventional nitric oxide (NO) reducing cytochrome P450, are considered significant contributors to environmental nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Despite extensive efforts, fungal contributions to N2O emissions remain uncertain. For example, the majority of N2O emitted from antibiotic-amended soil microcosms is attributed to fungal activity, yet axenic fungal cultures do not couple N-oxyanion respiration to growth and these fungi produce only minor quantities of N2O. To assist in reconciling these conflicting observations and produce a benchmark genomic analysis of fungal denitrifiers, genes underlying denitrification were examined in > 700 fungal genomes. Of 167 p450nor–containing genomes identified, 0, 30, and 48 also harbored the denitrification genes narG, napA or nirK, respectively. Compared to napA and nirK, p450nor was twice as abundant and exhibited two to five-fold more gene duplications, losses, and transfers, indicating a disconnect between p450nor presence and denitrification potential. Furthermore, co-occurrence of p450nor with genes encoding NO-detoxifying flavohemoglobins (Spearman r = 0.87, p = 1.6e–10) confounds hypotheses regarding P450nor’s primary role in NO detoxification. Instead, ancestral state reconstruction united P450nor with actinobacterial cytochrome P450s (CYP105) involved in secondary metabolism (SM) and 19 (11%) p450nor-containing genomic regions were predicted to be SM clusters. Another 40 (24%) genomes harbored genes nearby p450nor predicted to encode hallmark SM functions, providing additional contextual evidence linking p450nor to SM. Furthermore these findings underscore the potential physiological implications of widespread p450nor gene transfer, support the undiscovered affiliation of p450nor with fungal SM, and challenge the hypothesis of p450nor’s primary role in denitrification.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1468244
Journal Information:
Genome Biology and Evolution, Vol. 8; ISSN 1759-6653
Publisher:
Society for Molecular Biology and EvolutionCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 30 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (111)

Dual isotope and isotopomer signatures of nitrous oxide from fungal denitrification - a pure culture study: Isotopomer signatures of N journal August 2014
Dynamic Evolution of Nitric Oxide Detoxifying Flavohemoglobins, a Family of Single-Protein Metabolic Modules in Bacteria and Eukaryotes journal April 2016
SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN: two graphic tools for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny journal January 1996
genBlastG: using BLAST searches to build homologous gene models journal June 2011
Denitrification by fungi journal July 1992
Nitrate Reductase and Nitrous Oxide Production by Fusarium oxysporum 11dn1 Under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions journal August 2000
Shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition journal October 2009
Denitrification and aerobic respiration, hybrid electron transport chains and co-evolution journal February 2013
Translating biosynthetic gene clusters into fungal armor and weaponry journal August 2015
Nitrous Oxide Production by Organisms Other than Nitrifiers or Denitrifiers † journal January 1982
Coumarin formation in novobiocin biosynthesis: β-hydroxylation of the aminoacyl enzyme tyrosyl-S-NovH by a cytochrome P450 NovI journal April 2001
Microbial regulation of terrestrial nitrous oxide formation: understanding the biological pathways for prediction of emission rates journal April 2015
CONSEL: for assessing the confidence of phylogenetic tree selection journal December 2001
RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models journal August 2006
Unusual Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Reactions journal April 2013
The Evolution and Future of Earth’s Nitrogen Cycle journal October 2010
Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: how well do we understand the processes and their controls?
  • Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Baggs, Elizabeth M.; Dannenmann, Michael
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 368, Issue 1621 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0122
journal July 2013
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) genes expressed during infection of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)+ journal March 2006
Predicting active site residue annotations in the Pfam database journal August 2007
Cytochrome P450–catalyzed L-tryptophan nitration in thaxtomin phytotoxin biosynthesis journal September 2012
A review of stable isotope techniques for N2O source partitioning in soils: recent progress, remaining challenges and future considerations journal January 2008
CYP105-diverse structures, functions and roles in an intriguing family of enzymes in Streptomyces journal November 2014
FastTree 2 – Approximately Maximum-Likelihood Trees for Large Alignments journal March 2010
Chrysamides A–C, Three Dimeric Nitrophenyl trans -Epoxyamides Produced by the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum SCSIO41001 journal July 2016
CASSIS and SMIPS: promoter-based prediction of secondary metabolite gene clusters in eukaryotic genomes journal December 2015
Inferring duplications, losses, transfers and incomplete lineage sorting with nonbinary species trees. text January 2012
Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal compounds for selective inhibition of denitrification in soils journal January 2016
Improved Culturability of Soil Bacteria and Isolation in Pure Culture of Novel Members of the Divisions Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia journal May 2002
Nitric oxide generated by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae drives plant infection journal October 2012
Denitrifying genes in bacterial and Archaeal genomes journal September 2002
The biosynthesis of nitrous oxide in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii journal May 2017
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction by Aspergillus terreus isolated from the seasonal oxygen minimum zone in the Arabian Sea journal January 2014
Fungal denitrification and nitric oxide reductase cytochrome P450nor journal May 2012
Comprehensive annotation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes and gene clusters of Aspergillus nidulans, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. oryzae journal January 2013
The Pfam protein families database journal November 2009
Uncovering the Genome-Wide Transcriptional Responses of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger to Lignocellulose Using RNA Sequencing journal August 2012
The significant contribution of fungi to soil N2O production across diverse ecosystems journal January 2014
Nitric-oxide Dioxygenase Activity and Function of Flavohemoglobins: SENSITIVITY TO NITRIC OXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE INHIBITION journal August 2000
Nitrous oxide producing activity of diverse fungi from distinct agroecosystems journal November 2013
Criteria and methodology for identifying respiratory denitrifiers. journal January 1995
Phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity among closely related soil-borne N2- and N2O-producing Bacillus isolates harboring the nosZ gene: Genotype and phenotype of N2/N2O-producing soil Bacillus spp. journal March 2011
NCBI Reference Sequence (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins journal December 2004
Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions journal May 2008
Nitric oxide reductases of prokaryotes with emphasis on the respiratory, heme?copper oxidase type journal January 2005
Isotopic Fractionation by a Fungal P450 Nitric Oxide Reductase during the Production of N 2 O journal August 2014
Comparison of Expression of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Cluster Genes in Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. oryzae journal June 2014
Structural, Functional, and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Substrate Scope of the Novel Nitrating Cytochrome P450 TxtE journal September 2014
Regulation and Role of Fungal Secondary Metabolites journal November 2016
N2O Evolution by Green Algae journal January 1984
Novel P450nor Gene Detection Assay Used To Characterize the Prevalence and Diversity of Soil Fungal Denitrifiers journal May 2016
Anaerobic denitrification in fungi from the coastal marine sediments off Goa, India journal January 2009
Bayesian Estimation of Ancestral Character States on Phylogenies journal October 2004
Oxygen requirement for denitrification by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum journal January 2001
Basic local alignment search tool journal October 1990
Denitrification by fungi journal July 1992
eggNOG v3.0: orthologous groups covering 1133 organisms at 41 different taxonomic ranges journal November 2011
Gene finding in novel genomes journal May 2004
MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space journal February 2012
NOTUNG: a program for dating gene duplications and optimizing gene family trees. text January 2018
Inferring duplications, losses, transfers and incomplete lineage sorting with nonbinary species trees journal September 2012
Pathogenicity associated genes in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 journal January 2013
Systematic and searchable classification of cytochrome P450 proteins encoded by fungal and oomycete genomes journal January 2012
The EMBL-EBI bioinformatics web and programmatic tools framework journal April 2015
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment journal January 2007
FunGene: the functional gene pipeline and repository journal January 2013
A new fluorescence biosensor for nitric oxide detection based on cytochrome P450 55B1 journal July 2016
Crystal structure of cytochrome P450 MoxA from Nonomuraea recticatena (CYP105) journal October 2007
eggNOG v3.0: orthologous groups covering 1133 organisms at 41 different taxonomic ranges text January 2012
A scalable platform to identify fungal secondary metabolites and their gene clusters journal June 2017
Diversity and evolution of bioenergetic systems involved in microbial nitrogen compound transformations journal February 2013
RNA-sequencing reveals the complexities of the transcriptional response to lignocellulosic biofuel substrates in Aspergillus niger journal November 2014
Occurrence and biological function of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the actinomycetes journal September 1991
Nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide by propionibacteria: Detoxication mechanism journal January 1982
Versatile and open software for comparing large genomes journal January 2004
Phylogenetic, taxonomic and functional diversity of fungal denitrifiers and associated N2O production efficacy journal April 2015
How reliable is the intramolecular distribution of 15N in N2O to source partition N2O emitted from soil? journal October 2013
Intergenomic Comparisons Highlight Modularity of the Denitrification Pathway and Underpin the Importance of Community Structure for N2O Emissions journal December 2014
Cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification. journal January 1997
Detection and Diversity of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductase Genes ( p450nor ) in Agricultural Soils journal March 2016
Denitrification by Actinomycetes and Purification of Dissimilatory Nitrite Reductase and Azurin fromStreptomyces thioluteus journal September 1998
Nitroaromatic compounds: Environmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, therapy and mechanism: Nitro aromatic pollutants journal February 2014
Chemical formation of hybrid di-nitrogen calls fungal codenitrification into question journal December 2016
BUSCO: assessing genome assembly and annotation completeness with single-copy orthologs journal June 2015
The Cytochrome P450 Homepage journal October 2009
NCBI reference sequences (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins journal January 2007
ASTRAL-II: coalescent-based species tree estimation with many hundreds of taxa and thousands of genes journal June 2015
Hybrid Respiration in the Denitrifying Mitochondria of Fusarium oxysporum journal April 2003
Jalview Version 2--a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench journal January 2009
Indications for the Occurrence of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Fungi and Plants and the Involvement in Photoconidiation of Neurospora crassa journal August 1996
Fungal and bacterial denitrification are differently affected by long-term pH amendment and cultivation of arable soil journal November 2012
Codenitrification and Denitrification Are Dual Metabolic Pathways through Which Dinitrogen Evolves from Nitrate in Streptomyces antibioticus journal June 2002
NOTUNG: A Program for Dating Gene Duplications and Optimizing Gene Family Trees journal August 2000
X-ray structure of nitric oxide reductase (cytochrome P450nor) at atomic resolution journal December 2001
Denitrification by yeasts and occurrence of cytochrome P450nor in Trichosporon cutaneum journal November 1998
Denitrification in pathogenic bacteria: for better or worst? journal May 2005
N2O production, a widespread trait in fungi journal April 2015
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction in fungi under conditions of hypoxia and anoxia: A review journal September 2007
Fungal Denitrification and Cytochrome P-450. journal January 1992
Contrasting Short-Term Antibiotic Effects on Respiration and Bacterial Growth Compromises the Validity of the Selective Respiratory Inhibition Technique to Distinguish Fungi and Bacteria journal September 2008
New functions for the ancient globin family: bacterial responses to nitric oxide and nitrosative stress. MicroReview journal May 2000
Inferring duplications, losses, transfers and incomplete lineage sorting with nonbinary species trees. text January 2012
Cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification journal December 1997
Isotopocule analysis of biologically produced nitrous oxide in various environments: ISOTOPOCULE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL N journal April 2015
Fungal Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases: Their Distribution, Structure, Functions, Family Expansion, and Evolutionary Origin journal June 2014
A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data journal September 2016
Nucleotide sequence of the unique nitrate/nitrite-inducible cytochrome P-450 cDNA from Fusarium oxysporum journal June 1991
Draft Genome Sequence of Medusavirus Stheno, Isolated from the Tatakai River of Uji, Japan journal January 2021
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) production in axenic Chlorella vulgaris microalgae cultures: evidence, putative pathways, and potential environmental impacts journal January 2013
Spectroscopic and Kinetic Studies on Reaction of Cytochrome P450nor with Nitric Oxide: IMPLICATION FOR ITS NITRIC OXIDE REDUCTION MECHANISM journal January 1995
Cytochrome P-450 55A1 (P-450dNIR) acts as nitric oxide reductase employing NADH as the direct electron donor. journal April 1993
Denitrification by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the respiratory nitrite reduction journal June 1991

Cited By (6)

Ecological and physiological implications of nitrogen oxide reduction pathways on greenhouse gas emissions in agroecosystems journal May 2019
Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota journal November 2020
Nitric oxide as a developmental and metabolic signal in filamentous fungi journal February 2020
Algal photosynthesis converts nitric oxide into nitrous oxide journal January 2020
Characterization of Fungal nirK-Containing Communities and N2O Emission From Fungal Denitrification in Arable Soils journal February 2019
Combined Use of Vinasse and Nitrogen as Fertilizers Affects Nitrification, Ammonification, and Denitrification by Prokaryotes journal November 2021