Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate

doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.052301

Title: Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate

Abstract

We demonstrate that the striking systematics of two-particle azimuthal Fourier harmonics $${v}_{2}$$ and $${v}_{3}$$ in ultrarelativistic collisions of protons, deuterons, and helium-3 ions off gold nuclei measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is reproduced in the color glass condensate effective field theory. This contradicts the claim in C. Aidala et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), arXiv:1805.02973, that their data rule out initial state-based explanations. The underlying systematics of the effect, as discussed previously in K. Dusling, M. Mace, R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D 97, 016014 (2018); Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 042002 (2018); Proc. Sci., QCDEV2017 (2018) 039, arise from the differing structure of strong color correlations between gluon domains of size $$1/{Q}_{S}$$ at fine ($${p}_{{\perp}}>_≈{Q}_{S}$$) or coarser ($${p}_{{\perp}}<_≈{Q}_{S}$$) transverse momentum resolution. Further tests of the limits of validity of this framework can be carried out in light-heavy ion collisions at both RHIC and the Large Hadron Collider. Such measurements also offer novel opportunities for further exploration of the role of the surprisingly large short-range nuclear correlations measured at Jefferson Lab.

Authors:: Mace, Mark; Skokov, Vladimir V.; Tribedy, Prithwish; Venugopalan, Raju

Publication Date:: 2018-07-31

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1462293

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1466633

Report Number(s):: RBRC-1288; BNL-207973-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 052301

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; FG02-88ER40388; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 121 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; collective flow; particle correlations & fluctuations; quark-gluon plasma; relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Citation Formats


                    Mace, Mark, Skokov, Vladimir V., Tribedy, Prithwish, and Venugopalan, Raju. Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.052301.

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                    Mace, Mark, Skokov, Vladimir V., Tribedy, Prithwish, & Venugopalan, Raju. Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.052301

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                    Mace, Mark, Skokov, Vladimir V., Tribedy, Prithwish, and Venugopalan, Raju. Tue .  
        "Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.052301.

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@article{osti_1462293,

  title        = {Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate},

  author       = {Mace, Mark and Skokov, Vladimir V. and Tribedy, Prithwish and Venugopalan, Raju},

  abstractNote = {We demonstrate that the striking systematics of two-particle azimuthal Fourier harmonics ${v}_{2}$ and ${v}_{3}$ in ultrarelativistic collisions of protons, deuterons, and helium-3 ions off gold nuclei measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is reproduced in the color glass condensate effective field theory. This contradicts the claim in C. Aidala et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), arXiv:1805.02973, that their data rule out initial state-based explanations. The underlying systematics of the effect, as discussed previously in K. Dusling, M. Mace, R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D 97, 016014 (2018); Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 042002 (2018); Proc. Sci., QCDEV2017 (2018) 039, arise from the differing structure of strong color correlations between gluon domains of size $1/{Q}_{S}$ at fine (${p}_{{\perp}}>_≈{Q}_{S}$) or coarser (${p}_{{\perp}}<_≈{Q}_{S}$) transverse momentum resolution. Further tests of the limits of validity of this framework can be carried out in light-heavy ion collisions at both RHIC and the Large Hadron Collider. Such measurements also offer novel opportunities for further exploration of the role of the surprisingly large short-range nuclear correlations measured at Jefferson Lab.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.052301},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1462293},
  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  issn         = {0031-9007},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 121,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {7}

}

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Title: Hierarchy of Azimuthal Anisotropy Harmonics in Collisions of Small Systems from the Color Glass Condensate

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How protons shatter colored glass journal, March 2002

Glasma flux tubes and the near side ridge phenomenon at RHIC journal, September 2008

Liouville field theory for gluon saturation in QCD at high energy journal, September 2007

Azimuthal anisotropies in p + Pb collisions from classical Yang–Mills dynamics journal, July 2015

Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density, and eccentricities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, September 2012

Bose enhancement and the ridge journal, December 2015

The Color Glass Condensate journal, November 2010

Collectivity from interference journal, December 2017

Erratum to “QCD saturation at the LHC: Comparisons of models to p + p and A + A data and predictions for p + Pb collisions” [Phys. Lett. B 710 (1) (2012) 125] journal, January 2013

Long range two-particle rapidity correlations in collisions from high energy QCD evolution journal, May 2010

Angular and long Range Rapidity Correlations in Particle Production at high Energy journal, January 2013

Multiparticle Collectivity from Initial State Correlations in High Energy Proton-Nucleus Collisions journal, January 2018

Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions journal, June 2012

Intrinsic fluctuations of the proton saturation momentum scale in high multiplicity p+p collisions journal, January 2016

Odd azimuthal anisotropy of the Glasma for pA scattering journal, March 2017

Jet fragmentation of multiparton configurations in a string framework journal, December 1984

Measurement of long-range angular correlations and azimuthal anisotropies in high-multiplicity p + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal, March 2017

Renormalization group evolution of multi-gluon correlators in high energy QCD journal, December 2011

QCD saturation at the LHC: Comparisons of models to p+p and A+A data and predictions for p+Pb collisions journal, March 2012

Parton model description of multiparticle azimuthal correlations in p A collisions journal, January 2018

Exploiting Intrinsic Triangular Geometry in Relativistic He 3 + Au Collisions to Disentangle Medium Properties journal, September 2014

Multiplicity distributions in p + p , p + A , and A + A collisions from Yang-Mills dynamics journal, February 2014

Anisotropy of the semiclassical gluon field of a large nucleus at high energy journal, April 2015

Multiquark production in p + A collisions: Quantum interference effects journal, April 2018

Importance of initial and final state effects for azimuthal correlations in p + Pb collisions journal, November 2017

Wilson line correlator in the MV model: relating the glasma to deep inelastic scattering journal, April 2008

Scaling relation between p A and A A collisions journal, November 2014

How classical gluon fields generate odd azimuthal harmonics for the two-gluon correlation function in high-energy collisions journal, May 2018

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp , d + Au , and Au + Au collisions at the STAR detector journal, March 2009

Structure and dynamics of few-nucleon systems journal, July 1998

Long-range rapidity correlations in heavy–light ion collisions journal, May 2013

Particle spectra and HBT radii for simulated central nuclear collisions of C + C, Al + Al, Cu + Cu, Au + Au, and Pb + Pb from $$\sqrt{s}=62.4$$ s = 62.4 – $$2760$$ 2760 GeV journal, January 2015

Tracing the origin of azimuthal gluon correlations in the color glass condensate journal, January 2016

Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo journal, September 2015

Impact parameter dipole saturation model journal, December 2003

Glittering Glasmas journal, September 2009

Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity He 3 + Au Collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal, September 2015

High energy pA collisions in the color glass condensate approach I: gluon production and the Cronin effect journal, October 2004

Computing quark and gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei journal, March 1994

Correlations and the ridge in the Color Glass Condensate beyond the glasma graph approximation journal, May 2018

Measurements of azimuthal anisotropy and charged-particle multiplicity in d + Au collisions at s NN = 200 , 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV journal, December 2017

Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of two- and four-particle correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions journal, July 2013

An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2 journal, June 2015

Gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate model of collisions of ultrarelativistic finite nuclei journal, April 2003

Non-perturbative computation of double inclusive gluon production in the Glasma journal, January 2010

Azimuthal asymmetries and the emergence of “collectivity” from multi-particle correlations in high-energy pA collisions journal, April 2015

Gluon production in current-nucleus and nucleon-nucleus collisions in a quasi-classical approximation journal, September 1998

Exploring correlations in the CGC wave function: Odd azimuthal anisotropy journal, July 2017

Nucleon-nucleon correlations, short-lived excitations, and the quarks within journal, November 2017

Multiphase transport model for relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, December 2005

Universal Fluctuation-Driven Eccentricities in Proton-Proton, Proton-Nucleus, and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions journal, February 2014

Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems journal, January 2017

Mass Ordering of Spectra from Fragmentation of Saturated Gluon States in High-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions journal, October 2016

Gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei at small transverse momentum journal, April 1994

Importance of initial and final state effects for azimuthal correlations in p+Pb collisions journal, February 2019

Non-eikonal corrections to multi-particle production in the color glass condensate journal, July 2019

Non-eikonal corrections to multi-particle production in the color glass condensate journal, July 2019

Creation of quark–gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries journal, December 2018

Imaging the nucleus with high-energy photons journal, October 2019

Bulk quantities in nuclear collisions from running-coupling k T factorization and hybrid simulations journal, July 2019

CERN Large Hadron Collider system size scan predictions for PbPb, XeXe, ArAr, and OO with relativistic hydrodynamics journal, August 2019

Exploring new small system geometries in heavy ion collisions journal, April 2019

Extracting many-body color charge correlators in the proton from exclusive DIS at large Bjorken x journal, November 2018

Elliptic Flow of Heavy Quarkonia in p A Collisions journal, May 2019

Hydrodynamic Attractors, Initial State Energy, and Particle Production in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions journal, December 2019

Study of collective anisotropies $$v_2$$v2 and $$v_3$$v3 and their fluctuations in pA collisions at LHC within a relativistic transport approach journal, January 2020

Eliminating experimental bias in anisotropic-flow measurements of high-energy nuclear collisions
journal, April 2013

How protons shatter colored glass
journal, March 2002

Glasma flux tubes and the near side ridge phenomenon at RHIC
journal, September 2008

Liouville field theory for gluon saturation in QCD at high energy
journal, September 2007

Azimuthal anisotropies in p + Pb collisions from classical Yang–Mills dynamics
journal, July 2015

Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density, and eccentricities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2012

Bose enhancement and the ridge
journal, December 2015

The Color Glass Condensate
journal, November 2010

Collectivity from interference
journal, December 2017

Erratum to “QCD saturation at the LHC: Comparisons of models to $p + p$ and $A + A$ data and predictions for $p + Pb$ collisions” [Phys. Lett. B 710 (1) (2012) 125]
journal, January 2013

Long range two-particle rapidity correlations in collisions from high energy QCD evolution
journal, May 2010

Angular and long Range Rapidity Correlations in Particle Production at high Energy
journal, January 2013

Multiparticle Collectivity from Initial State Correlations in High Energy Proton-Nucleus Collisions
journal, January 2018

Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, June 2012

Intrinsic fluctuations of the proton saturation momentum scale in high multiplicity p+p collisions
journal, January 2016

Odd azimuthal anisotropy of the Glasma for pA scattering
journal, March 2017

Jet fragmentation of multiparton configurations in a string framework
journal, December 1984

Measurement of long-range angular correlations and azimuthal anisotropies in high-multiplicity $p + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV
journal, March 2017

Renormalization group evolution of multi-gluon correlators in high energy QCD
journal, December 2011

QCD saturation at the LHC: Comparisons of models to p+p and A+A data and predictions for p+Pb collisions
journal, March 2012

Parton model description of multiparticle azimuthal correlations in $p A$ collisions
journal, January 2018

Exploiting Intrinsic Triangular Geometry in Relativistic ${}^{3}{He} + Au$ Collisions to Disentangle Medium Properties
journal, September 2014

Multiplicity distributions in $p + p$ , $p + A$ , and $A + A$ collisions from Yang-Mills dynamics
journal, February 2014

Anisotropy of the semiclassical gluon field of a large nucleus at high energy
journal, April 2015

Multiquark production in $p + A$ collisions: Quantum interference effects
journal, April 2018

Importance of initial and final state effects for azimuthal correlations in $p + Pb$ collisions
journal, November 2017

Wilson line correlator in the MV model: relating the glasma to deep inelastic scattering
journal, April 2008

Scaling relation between $p A$ and $A A$ collisions
journal, November 2014

How classical gluon fields generate odd azimuthal harmonics for the two-gluon correlation function in high-energy collisions
journal, May 2018

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in $pp$ , $d + Au$ , and $Au + Au$ collisions at the STAR detector
journal, March 2009

Structure and dynamics of few-nucleon systems
journal, July 1998

Long-range rapidity correlations in heavy–light ion collisions
journal, May 2013

Particle spectra and HBT radii for simulated central nuclear collisions of C + C, Al + Al, Cu + Cu, Au + Au, and Pb + Pb from $$\sqrt{s}=62.4$$ s = 62.4 – $$2760$$ 2760 GeV
journal, January 2015

Tracing the origin of azimuthal gluon correlations in the color glass condensate
journal, January 2016

Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
journal, September 2015

Impact parameter dipole saturation model
journal, December 2003

Glittering Glasmas
journal, September 2009

Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity ${}^{3}{He} + Au$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$
journal, September 2015

High energy pA collisions in the color glass condensate approach I: gluon production and the Cronin effect
journal, October 2004

Computing quark and gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei
journal, March 1994

Correlations and the ridge in the Color Glass Condensate beyond the glasma graph approximation
journal, May 2018

Measurements of azimuthal anisotropy and charged-particle multiplicity in $d$ + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ , 62.4, 39, and 19.6 GeV
journal, December 2017

Multiplicity and transverse momentum dependence of two- and four-particle correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions
journal, July 2013

An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2
journal, June 2015

Gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate model of collisions of ultrarelativistic finite nuclei
journal, April 2003

Non-perturbative computation of double inclusive gluon production in the Glasma
journal, January 2010

Azimuthal asymmetries and the emergence of “collectivity” from multi-particle correlations in high-energy pA collisions
journal, April 2015

Gluon production in current-nucleus and nucleon-nucleus collisions in a quasi-classical approximation
journal, September 1998

Exploring correlations in the CGC wave function: Odd azimuthal anisotropy
journal, July 2017

Nucleon-nucleon correlations, short-lived excitations, and the quarks within
journal, November 2017

Multiphase transport model for relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, December 2005

Universal Fluctuation-Driven Eccentricities in Proton-Proton, Proton-Nucleus, and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
journal, February 2014

Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems
journal, January 2017

Mass Ordering of Spectra from Fragmentation of Saturated Gluon States in High-Multiplicity Proton-Proton Collisions
journal, October 2016

Gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei at small transverse momentum
journal, April 1994

Importance of initial and final state effects for azimuthal correlations in p+Pb collisions
journal, February 2019

Non-eikonal corrections to multi-particle production in the color glass condensate
journal, July 2019

Non-eikonal corrections to multi-particle production in the color glass condensate
journal, July 2019

Creation of quark–gluon plasma droplets with three distinct geometries
journal, December 2018

Imaging the nucleus with high-energy photons
journal, October 2019

Bulk quantities in nuclear collisions from running-coupling $k_{T}$ factorization and hybrid simulations
journal, July 2019

CERN Large Hadron Collider system size scan predictions for PbPb, XeXe, ArAr, and OO with relativistic hydrodynamics
journal, August 2019

Exploring new small system geometries in heavy ion collisions
journal, April 2019

Extracting many-body color charge correlators in the proton from exclusive DIS at large Bjorken $x$
journal, November 2018

Elliptic Flow of Heavy Quarkonia in $p A$ Collisions
journal, May 2019

Hydrodynamic Attractors, Initial State Energy, and Particle Production in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
journal, December 2019

Study of collective anisotropies $$v_2$$v2 and $$v_3$$v3 and their fluctuations in pA collisions at LHC within a relativistic transport approach
journal, January 2020