Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO 2 Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes

Nagpure, Suraj; Zhang, Qinglin; Khan, M. Arif; Islam, Syed Z.; Xu, Jiagang; Strzalka, Joseph; Cheng, Yang-Tse; Knutson, Barbara L.; Rankin, Stephen E.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201801849

Title: Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO ₂ Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes

Journal Article · Fri Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801849· OSTI ID:1473600

Nagpure, Suraj ^[1]; Zhang, Qinglin ^[1]; Khan, M. Arif ^[1]; Islam, Syed Z. ^[1]; Xu, Jiagang ^[1]; Strzalka, Joseph ^[2]; Cheng, Yang-Tse ^[1]; Knutson, Barbara L. ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Abstract TiO ₂ films of varying thicknesses (up to ≈1.0 µm) with vertically oriented, accessible 7–9 nm nanopores are synthesized using an evaporation‐induced self‐assembly layer‐by‐layer technique. The hypothesis behind the approach is that epitaxial alignment of hydrophobic blocks of surfactant templates induces a consistent, accessible mesophase orientation across a multilayer film, ultimately leading to continuous, vertically aligned pore channels. Characterization using grazing incidence X‐ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy indicates that the pores are oriented vertically even in relatively thick films (up to 1 µm). These films contain a combination of amorphous and nanocrystalline anatase titania of value for electrochemical energy storage. When applied as negative electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries, a capacity of 254 mAh g ⁻¹ is obtained after 200 cycles for a single‐layer TiO ₂ film prepared on modified substrate, higher than on unmodified substrate or nonporous TiO ₂ film, due to the high accessibility of the vertically oriented channels in the films. Thicker films on modified substrate have increased absolute capacity because of higher mass loading but a reduced specific capacity because of transport limitations. These results suggest that the multilayer epitaxial approach is a viable way to prepare high capacity TiO ₂ films with vertically oriented continuous nanopores.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1473600

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1461907

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 37; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 27 works

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Title: Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Thick Mesoporous TiO ₂ Films with Vertically Oriented Accessible Nanopores and Their Application for Lithium-Ion Battery Negative Electrodes