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Title: Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs 2SnI xCl 6-x)

Abstract

Organic–inorganic hybrid lead-based perovskites experience significant environmental instability under ambient moist air and are not environmentally benign due to the usage of toxic Pb. In this paper, we report a new approach to synthesize lead-free all inorganic perovskites (Cs 2SnI xCl 6-x) using hydriodic acid (HI) demonstrating greatly enhanced environmental stability and tunable optical properties by controlling the I -/Cl - ratios. Single phase perovskites can be achieved with a low iodine or chlorine content, and a phase separation occurs in the binary system with closer iodine and chlorine dopings. UV-vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence measurements reveal tunable band gaps of Cs 2SnI xCl 6-x perovskites from the UV to the infrared region. The mixed halide perovskite with a lower chloride content shows significantly higher photoluminescence intensity. The thermal stability of mixed halide all-inorganic perovskites is continuously improved as the Cl content increases. Finally, the synthesis of Sn-based perovskites with tunable optical properties and environmental stability represents one step further toward the realization of the stable lead-free all inorganic perovskites.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [3];  [5];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States). Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering
  2. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
  3. China Univ. of Geosciences, Beijing (China). Beijing Key Lab. of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes. National Lab. of Mineral Materials. School of Materials Science and Technology
  4. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). X-ray Science Division. Advanced Photon Source
  5. Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering. Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Performance and Design of Nuclear Waste Forms and Containers (WastePD)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); National Science Foundation (NSF)
OSTI Identifier:
1461327
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357; SC0016584; 1706815; 1635520
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Materials Chemistry. A
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-7488
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Zhu, Weiguang, Xin, Guoqing, Wang, Yiping, Min, Xin, Yao, Tiankai, Xu, Wenqian, Fang, Minghao, Shi, Sufei, Shi, Jian, and Lian, Jie. Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs2SnIxCl6-x). United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1039/c7ta10040j.
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Zhu, Weiguang, Xin, Guoqing, Wang, Yiping, Min, Xin, Yao, Tiankai, Xu, Wenqian, Fang, Minghao, Shi, Sufei, Shi, Jian, & Lian, Jie. Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs2SnIxCl6-x). United States. doi:10.1039/c7ta10040j.
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Zhu, Weiguang, Xin, Guoqing, Wang, Yiping, Min, Xin, Yao, Tiankai, Xu, Wenqian, Fang, Minghao, Shi, Sufei, Shi, Jian, and Lian, Jie. Tue . "Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs2SnIxCl6-x)". United States. doi:10.1039/c7ta10040j. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1461327.
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@article{osti_1461327,
title = {Tunable optical properties and stability of lead free all inorganic perovskites (Cs2SnIxCl6-x)},
author = {Zhu, Weiguang and Xin, Guoqing and Wang, Yiping and Min, Xin and Yao, Tiankai and Xu, Wenqian and Fang, Minghao and Shi, Sufei and Shi, Jian and Lian, Jie},
abstractNote = {Organic–inorganic hybrid lead-based perovskites experience significant environmental instability under ambient moist air and are not environmentally benign due to the usage of toxic Pb. In this paper, we report a new approach to synthesize lead-free all inorganic perovskites (Cs2SnIxCl6-x) using hydriodic acid (HI) demonstrating greatly enhanced environmental stability and tunable optical properties by controlling the I-/Cl- ratios. Single phase perovskites can be achieved with a low iodine or chlorine content, and a phase separation occurs in the binary system with closer iodine and chlorine dopings. UV-vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence measurements reveal tunable band gaps of Cs2SnIxCl6-x perovskites from the UV to the infrared region. The mixed halide perovskite with a lower chloride content shows significantly higher photoluminescence intensity. The thermal stability of mixed halide all-inorganic perovskites is continuously improved as the Cl content increases. Finally, the synthesis of Sn-based perovskites with tunable optical properties and environmental stability represents one step further toward the realization of the stable lead-free all inorganic perovskites.},
doi = {10.1039/c7ta10040j},
journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry. A},
issn = {2050-7488},
number = 6,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {1}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
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DOI:  10.1039/c7ta10040j
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: Schematic synthesis of the mixed halide perovskite Cs2SnIxCl6-x using hydriodic acid, and the color scheme displays the tunable band gap with varying I-/Cl- ratios.
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