Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic e±p cross sections

Rimal, D.; Adikaram, D.; Raue, B. A.; Weinstein, L. B.; Arrington, J.; Brooks, W. K.; Ungaro, M.; Adhikari, K. P.; Afanasev, A. V.; Akbar, Z.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Badui, R. A.; Ball, J.; Baltzell, N. A.; Battaglieri, M.; Batourine, V.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Biselli, A. S.; Boiarinov, S.; Briscoe, W. J.; Bültmann, S.; Burkert, V. D.; Carman, D. S.; Celentano, A.; Chetry, T.; Ciullo, G.; Clark, L.; Colaneri, L.; Cole, P. L.; Compton, N.; Contalbrigo, M.; Cortes, O.; Crede, V.; D'Angelo, A.; Dashyan, N.; De Vita, R.; Deur, A.; Djalali, C.; Dupre, R.; Egiyan, H.; Alaoui, A. El; Fassi, L. El; Eugenio, P.; Fanchini, E.; Fedotov, G.; Fersch, R.; Filippi, A.; Fleming, J. A.; Forest, T. A.; Fradi, A.; Gevorgyan, N.; Ghandilyan, Y.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Gleason, C.; Gohn, W.; Golovatch, E.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guo, L.; Hafidi, K.; Hanretty, C.; Harrison, N.; Hattawy, M.; Heddle, D.; Hicks, K.; Holtrop, M.; Hughes, S. M.; Ilieva, Y.; Ireland, D. G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Jenkins, D.; Jiang, H.; Joosten, S.; Keller, D.; Khachatryan, G.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, W.; Klein, A.; Klein, F. J.; Kubarovsky, V.; Kuhn, S. E.; Kuleshov, S. V.; Lanza, L.; Lenisa, P.; Livingston, K.; Lu, H. Y.; MacGregor, I. J.  D.; Markov, N.; McKinnon, B.; Mestayer, M. D.; Mirazita, M.; Mokeev, V.; Movsisyan, A.; Munevar, E.; Camacho, C. Munoz; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Ni, A.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; Osipenko, M.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Paolone, M.; Paremuzyan, R.; Park, K.; Pasyuk, E.; Phelps, W.; Pisano, S.; Pogorelko, O.; Price, J. W.; Prok, Y.; Protopopescu, D.; Puckett, A. J.  R.; Rizzo, A.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Roy, P.; Sabatié, F.; Salgado, C.; Schumacher, R. A.; Seder, E.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Skorodumina, Iu.; Smith, G. D.; Sokhan, D.; Sparveris, N.; Stankovic, Ivana; Stepanyan, S.; Strauch, S.; Sytnik, V.; Taiuti, M.; Torayev, B.; Voskanyan, H.; Voutier, E.; Walford, N. K.; Watts, D. P.; Wei, X.; Wood, M. H.; Zachariou, N.; Zana, L.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, Z. W.; Zonta, I.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065201

Title: Measurement of two-photon exchange effect by comparing elastic $e^{\pm} p$ cross sections

Journal Article · Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Physical Review C

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.065201· OSTI ID:1389768

Rimal, D.; Adikaram, D.; Raue, B. A.; Weinstein, L. B.; Arrington, J.; Brooks, W. K.; Ungaro, M.; Adhikari, K. P.; Afanasev, A. V.; Akbar, Z.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Badui, R. A.; Ball, J.; Baltzell, N. A.; Battaglieri, M.; Batourine, V.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Biselli, A. S.; Boiarinov, S.; Briscoe, W. J. more »

Background: The electromagnetic form factors of the proton measured by unpolarized and polarized electron scattering experiments show a significant disagreement that grows with the squared four-momentum transfer (Q2). Calculations have shown that the two measurements can be largely reconciled by accounting for the contributions of two-photon exchange (TPE). TPE effects are not typically included in the standard set of radiative corrections since theoretical calculations of the TPE effects are highly model dependent, and, until recently, no direct evidence of significant TPE effects has been observed. Purpose: We measured the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic-scattering cross sections in order to determine the TPE contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering and thereby resolve the proton electric form factor discrepancy. Methods: We produced a mixed simultaneous electron-positron beam in Jefferson Lab's Hall B by passing the 5.6-GeV primary electron beam through a radiator to produce a bremsstrahlung photon beam and then passing the photon beam through a convertor to produce electron-positron pairs. The mixed electron-positron (lepton) beam with useful energies from approximately 0.85 to 3.5 GeV then struck a 30-cm-long liquid hydrogen (LH2) target located within the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). By detecting both the scattered leptons and the recoiling protons, we identified and reconstructed elastic scattering events and determined the incident lepton energy. A detailed description of the experiment is presented. Results: We present previously unpublished results for the quantity R2γ, the TPE correction to the elastic-scattering cross section, at Q2≈0.85 and 1.45 GeV2 over a large range of virtual photon polarization ?. Conclusions: Our results, along with recently published results from VEPP-3, demonstrate a nonzero contribution from TPE effects and are in excellent agreement with the calculations that include TPE effects and largely reconcile the form-factor discrepancy up to Q2≈2GeV2. These data are consistent with an increase in R2γ with decreasing ? at Q2≈0.85 and 1.45 GeV2. There are indications of a slight increase in R2γ with Q2.

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Research Organization:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Organization:: The CLAS Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-060R23177; AC02-06CH11357; FG02-07ER41528; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1389768

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1361116; OSTI ID: 1390836; OSTI ID: 1440868; OSTI ID: 1604459; OSTI ID: 1830317

Report Number(s):: JLAB-PHY-17-2549; DOE/OR/23177-4209; arXiv:1603.00315; PRVCAN

Journal Information:: Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 6; ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 41 works

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Proton Charge Radius from Electron Scattering Sick, Ingo Atoms, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms6010002	journal	December 2017
Updated analysis of recent results on electron and positron elastic scattering on the proton Bytev, V. V.; Tomasi-Gustafsson, E. Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.99.025205	journal	February 2019
Two-Photon Exchange: Myth and History Tomasi-Gustafsson, Egle; Pacetti, Simone Few-Body Systems, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-018-1416-5	journal	June 2018
Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering Koshchii, Oleksandr; Afanasev, Andrei Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.096020	journal	November 2019
Two-photon exchange: myth and history Tomasi-Gustafsson, Egle; Pacetti, Simone arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.10868	text	January 2018
Lepton mass effects for beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic muon-proton scattering Koshchii, Oleksandr; Afanasev, Andrei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.10217	text	January 2019

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