Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation

Deng, Jian; Schlichting, Soeren; Venugopalan, Raju; Wang, Qun

doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.97.053606

Title: Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation

Journal Article · Fri May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Physical Review A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.053606· OSTI ID:1462431

Deng, Jian ^[1]; Schlichting, Soeren ^[2]; Venugopalan, Raju ^[3]; Wang, Qun ^[4]

Shandong Univ., Shandong (China)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)

Here, we map the infrared dynamics of a relativistic single-component (N=1) interacting scalar field theory to that of nonrelativistic complex scalar fields. The Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, describing the real-time dynamics of single-component ultracold Bose gases, is obtained at first nontrivial order in an expansion proportional to the powers of λΦ²/m² where λ, Φ, and m are the coupling constant, the scalar field, and the particle mass respectively. Our analytical studies are corroborated by numerical simulations of the spatial and momentum structure of overoccupied scalar fields in (2+1)-dimensions. Universal scaling of infrared modes, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and the off-equilibrium formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate are observed. Our results for the universal scaling exponents are in agreement with those extracted in the numerical simulations of the GP equation. As in these simulations, we observe coarsening phase kinetics in the Bose superfluid with strongly anomalous scaling exponents relative to that of vertex resummed kinetic theory. Our relativistic field theory framework further allows one to study more closely the coupling between superfluid and normal fluid modes, specifically the turbulent momentum and spatial structure of the coupling between a quasiparticle cascade to the infrared and an energy cascade to the ultraviolet. We outline possible applications of the formalism to the dynamics of vortex-antivortex formation and to the off-equilibrium dynamics of the strongly interacting matter formed in heavy-ion collisions.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; FG02-97ER41014

OSTI ID:: 1462431

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1436897

Report Number(s):: BNL-207870-2018-JAAM; PLRAAN; TRN: US1902173

Journal Information:: Physical Review A, Vol. 97, Issue 5; ISSN 2469-9926

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 18 works

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Universal dynamics in an isolated one-dimensional Bose gas far from equilibrium Erne, Sebastian; Bücker, Robert; Gasenzer, Thomas Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7730 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0667-0	journal	November 2018
Kinetic theory of nonthermal fixed points in a Bose gas Chantesana, Isara; Orioli, Asier Piñeiro; Gasenzer, Thomas Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.99.043620	journal	April 2019
Highly occupied gauge theories in $2 + 1$ dimensions: A self-similar attractor Boguslavski, K.; Kurkela, A.; Lappi, T. Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.094022	journal	November 2019

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