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Title: Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets

Abstract

Recycling of rare earth elements, such as Sm and Nd, is one technique towards mitigating long-term supply and cost concerns for materials and devices that depend on these elements. In this work recycled Sm-Co powder recovered from industrial grinding swarfs, or waste material from magnet processing, was investigated for use in preparation of filament for 3D printing of bonded magnets. Recycled Sm-Co powder recovered from swarfs was blended into polylactic acid (PLA). Up to 20 vol.% of the recycled Sm-Co in PLA was extruded at 160°C to produce a filament. It was demonstrated that no degradation of magnetic properties occurred due to the preparation or extrusion of the bonded magnet material. Good uniformity of the magnetic properties is exhibited throughout the filament, with the material first extruded being the exception. The material does exhibit some magnetic anisotropy, allowing for the possibility of the development of anisotropic filaments. Finally, this work provides a path forward for producing recycled magnetic filament for 3D printing of permanent magnets.

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [1];  [3];  [1]
  1. Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)
  2. Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  3. Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Manufacturing Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
OSTI Identifier:
1436430
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1416636
Report Number(s):
IS-J-9630
Journal ID: ISSN 2158-3226; TRN: US1900182
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11358
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
AIP Advances
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2158-3226
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Khazdozian, Helena A., Manzano, J. Sebastián, Gandha, Kinjal, Slowing, Igor I., and Nlebedim, Ikenna C. Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5007669.
Khazdozian, Helena A., Manzano, J. Sebastián, Gandha, Kinjal, Slowing, Igor I., & Nlebedim, Ikenna C. Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007669
Khazdozian, Helena A., Manzano, J. Sebastián, Gandha, Kinjal, Slowing, Igor I., and Nlebedim, Ikenna C. 2018. "Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007669. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1436430.
@article{osti_1436430,
title = {Recycled Sm-Co bonded magnet filaments for 3D printing of magnets},
author = {Khazdozian, Helena A. and Manzano, J. Sebastián and Gandha, Kinjal and Slowing, Igor I. and Nlebedim, Ikenna C.},
abstractNote = {Recycling of rare earth elements, such as Sm and Nd, is one technique towards mitigating long-term supply and cost concerns for materials and devices that depend on these elements. In this work recycled Sm-Co powder recovered from industrial grinding swarfs, or waste material from magnet processing, was investigated for use in preparation of filament for 3D printing of bonded magnets. Recycled Sm-Co powder recovered from swarfs was blended into polylactic acid (PLA). Up to 20 vol.% of the recycled Sm-Co in PLA was extruded at 160°C to produce a filament. It was demonstrated that no degradation of magnetic properties occurred due to the preparation or extrusion of the bonded magnet material. Good uniformity of the magnetic properties is exhibited throughout the filament, with the material first extruded being the exception. The material does exhibit some magnetic anisotropy, allowing for the possibility of the development of anisotropic filaments. Finally, this work provides a path forward for producing recycled magnetic filament for 3D printing of permanent magnets.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5007669},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1436430}, journal = {AIP Advances},
issn = {2158-3226},
number = 5,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Thu Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 Fig. 1: SEM micrograph of Sm‐Co powder and b) XRD of Sm‐Co powder compared to reference cases of Sm‐Co 1:5 and 2:17.

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Works referenced in this record:

3D print of polymer bonded rare-earth magnets, and 3D magnetic field scanning with an end-user 3D printer
journal, October 2016


Current status and future outlook for bonded neodymium permanent magnets (invited)
journal, April 1997


Wasp-waisted behavior in magnetic hysteresis curves of CoFe 2 O 4 nanopowder at a low temperature: experimental evidence and theoretical approach
journal, January 2017


Net Shape 3D Printed NdFeB Permanent Magnet : Net Shape 3D Printed NdFeB Permanent Magnet
journal, April 2017


Recent development in bonded NdFeB magnets
journal, February 2002


Recycling Used Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets via a Hydrogen-Based Route to Produce Anisotropic, Resin Bonded Magnets
journal, September 2012


Bonded permanent magnets: Current status and future opportunities (invited)
journal, April 1997


Additive manufacturing of near-net-shape bonded magnets: Prospects and challenges
journal, July 2017


Effect of reinforcement-particle-orientation anisotropy on the tensile and fatigue behavior of metal-matrix composites
journal, January 2004


Big Area Additive Manufacturing of High Performance Bonded NdFeB Magnets
journal, October 2016


Works referencing / citing this record:

Production of complex shape magnets using additive manufacturing: A state-of-the-art analysis
journal, November 2019


Additive Manufacturing and Topology Optimization of Magnetic Materials for Electrical Machines—A Review
journal, January 2021


Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.