Mitigation of Hot-Spots in Photovoltaic Systems Using Distributed Power Electronics

Olalla, Carlos; Hasan, Md. Nazmul; Deline, Chris; Maksimovi, Dragan

doi:10.3390/en11040726

Title: Mitigation of Hot-Spots in Photovoltaic Systems Using Distributed Power Electronics

Journal Article · Fri Mar 23 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Energies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040726· OSTI ID:1433475

^[1]; Hasan, Md. Nazmul ^[1];

^[2];

^[3]

Univ. Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona (Spain). Dept. of Electrical, Electronic, and Automatic Control Engineering
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering

In the presence of partial shading and other mismatch factors, bypass diodes may not offer complete elimination of excessive power dissipation due to cell reverse biasing, commonly referred to as hot-spotting in photovoltaic (PV) systems. As a result, PV systems may experience higher failure rates and accelerated ageing. In this paper, a cell-level simulation model is used to assess occurrence of hot-spotting events in a representative residential rooftop system scenario featuring a moderate shading environment. The approach is further used to examine how well distributed power electronics converters mitigate the effects of partial shading and other sources of mismatch by preventing activation of bypass diodes and thereby reducing the chances of heavy power dissipation and hot-spotting in mismatched cells. The simulation results confirm that the occurrence of heavy power dissipation is reduced in all distributed power electronics architectures, and that submodule-level converters offer nearly 100% mitigation of hot-spotting. In addition, the paper further elaborates on the possibility of hot-spot-induced permanent damage, predicting a lifetime energy loss above 15%. In conclusion, this energy loss is fully recoverable with submodule-level power converters that mitigate hot-spotting and prevent the damage.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; DPI2017-84572-C2-1-R

OSTI ID:: 1433475

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-71323; ENERGA

Journal Information:: Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 4; ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 38 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (27)

Performance loss rate of twelve photovoltaic technologies under field conditions using statistical techniques Makrides, George; Zinsser, Bastian; Schubert, Markus Solar Energy, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2014.02.011	journal	May 2014
PV plants with distributed MPPT founded on batteries Carbone, Rosario Solar Energy, Vol. 122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.10.017	journal	December 2015
Compendium of photovoltaic degradation rates: Photovoltaic degradation rates Jordan, Dirk C.; Kurtz, Sarah R.; VanSant, Kaitlyn Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2744	journal	February 2016
Experimental study of mismatch and shading effects in the – characteristic of a photovoltaic module Alonsogarcia, M.; Ruiz, J.; Chenlo, F. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2005.04.022	journal	February 2006
Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converters for Sub-module Distributed Photovoltaic Power Management Stauth, Jason T.; Seeman, Michael D.; Kesarwani, Kapil IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2206056	journal	March 2013
Reexamination of Photovoltaic Hot Spotting to Show Inadequacy of the Bypass Diode Kim, Katherine A.; Krein, Philip T. IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2444091	journal	September 2015
Submodule Integrated Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking for Solar Photovoltaic Applications Pilawa-Podgurski, Robert C. N.; Perreault, David J. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2220861	journal	June 2013
A Distributed Control Strategy Based on DC Bus Signaling for Modular Photovoltaic Generation Systems With Battery Energy Storage IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 26, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2011.2127488	journal	October 2011
Performance of Mismatched PV Systems With Submodule Integrated Converters Olalla, Carlos; Deline, Chris; Maksimovic, Dragan IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2281878	journal	January 2014
Numerical simulation of current-voltage characteristics of photovoltaic systems with shaded solar cells Quaschning, Volker; Hanitsch, Rolf Solar Energy, Vol. 56, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(96)00006-0	journal	June 1996
Computer simulation of the effects of electrical mismatches in photovoltaic cell interconnection circuits Bishop, J. W. Solar Cells, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(88)90059-2	journal	October 1988
Cascaded DC–DC Converter Connection of Photovoltaic Modules Walker, G. R.; Sernia, P. C. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2004.830090	journal	July 2004
Enhanced Differential Power Processor for PV Systems: Resonant Switched-Capacitor Gyrator Converter With Local MPPT Blumenfeld, Alon; Cervera, Alon; Peretz, Mor Mordechai IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2331277	journal	December 2014
Performance of Power-Limited Differential Power Processing Architectures in Mismatched PV Systems Olalla, Carlos; Deline, Christopher; Clement, Daniel IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2312980	journal	February 2015
Evaluation of high-temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules Kurtz, Sarah; Whitfield, Kent; TamizhMani, G. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.1103	journal	March 2011
Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Approaches and Photovoltaic Systems Islam, Haidar; Mekhilef, Saad; Shah, Noraisyah Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020365	journal	February 2018
Impact of distributed power electronics on the lifetime and reliability of PV systems: Impact of distributed power electronics Olalla, Carlos; Maksimovic, Dragan; Deline, Chris Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2893	journal	April 2017
Enhancing Microinverter Energy Capture With Submodule Differential Power Processing Qin, Shibin; Barth, Christopher B.; Pilawa-Podgurski, Robert C. N. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2015.2464235	journal	May 2016
Shunt types in crystalline silicon solar cells Breitenstein, O.; Rakotoniaina, J. P.; Al Rifai, M. H. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.544	journal	January 2004
Characterization of Power Optimizer Potential to Increase Energy Capture in Photovoltaic Systems Operating Under Nonuniform Conditions MacAlpine, Sara M.; Erickson, Robert W.; Brandemuehl, Michael J. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2226476	journal	June 2013
Microplasma breakdown and hot-spots in silicon solar cells Bishop, J. W. Solar Cells, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6787(89)90093-8	journal	September 1989
Converter Rating Analysis for Photovoltaic Differential Power Processing Systems Kim, Katherine A.; Shenoy, Pradeep S.; Krein, Philip T. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2014.2326045	journal	April 2015
Understanding junction breakdown in multicrystalline solar cells Breitenstein, Otwin; Bauer, Jan; Bothe, Karsten Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3562200	journal	April 2011
Photovoltaic module reliability model based on field degradation studies Vázquez, Manuel; Rey‐Stolle, Ignacio Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.825	journal	August 2008
Architectures and Control of Submodule Integrated DC–DC Converters for Photovoltaic Applications Olalla, C.; Clement, D.; Rodriguez, M. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 28, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2219073	journal	June 2013
A Dynamic Photovoltaic Model Incorporating Capacitive and Reverse-Bias Characteristics Kim, Katherine A.; Xu, Chenyang; Jin, Lei IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2276483	journal	October 2013
Enhanced differential power processor for PV systems: Resonant switched-capacitor gyrator converter with local MPPT Blumenfeld, Alon; Cervera, Alon; Peretz, Mor Mordechai 2014 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC 2014 https://doi.org/10.1109/apec.2014.6803727	conference	March 2014

Cited By (4)

On the Link between the Operating Point and the Temperature Distribution in PV Arrays Working under Mismatching Conditions Costanzo, Luigi; Vitelli, Massimo International Journal of Photoenergy, Vol. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6359543	journal	December 2018
LLC Resonant Voltage Multiplier-Based Differential Power Processing Converter Using Voltage Divider with Reduced Voltage Stress for Series-Connected Photovoltaic Panels under Partial Shading Uno, Masatoshi; Nakane, Toru; Shinohara, Toshiki Electronics, Vol. 8, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101193	journal	October 2019
Global Maximum Power Point Tracking under Shading Condition and Hotspot Detection Algorithms for Photovoltaic Systems Gosumbonggot, Jirada; Fujita, Goro Energies, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/en12050882	journal	March 2019
A Review of the Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules for Life Expectancy Kim, Jaeun; Rabelo, Matheus; Padi, Siva Parvathi Energies, Vol. 14, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144278	journal	July 2021

Similar Records

Hot spot investigations on PV modules -- New concepts for a test standard and consequences for module design with respect to bypass diodes

Conference · Wed Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1997 · OSTI ID:1433475

Hermann, W; Wiesner, W; Vaassen, W

Performance of Mismatched PV Systems With Submodule Integrated Converters

Journal Article · Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2014 · IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics · OSTI ID:1433475

Olalla, C; Deline, C; Maksimovic, D

High Energy Yield Distributed Architecture for Large Commercial and Utility-Scale PV Systems

Technical Report · Thu Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2013 · OSTI ID:1433475

Elasser, Ahmed

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION
photovoltaics
bypass diodes
power electronics
subMICs
partial-shading
hot-spotting
converters
balancing
reliability
accelerated aging

Title: Mitigation of Hot-Spots in Photovoltaic Systems Using Distributed Power Electronics

Citation Formats

References (27)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects