Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter with scintillating targets

Derenzo, Stephen; Essig, Rouven; Massari, Andrea; Soto, Adrian; Yu, Tien-Tien

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.016026

Title: Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter with scintillating targets

Journal Article · Fri Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.016026· OSTI ID:1430683

Derenzo, Stephen ^[1]; Essig, Rouven ^[2]; Massari, Andrea ^[2]; Soto, Adrian ^[3]; Yu, Tien-Tien ^[2]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). C.N. Yang Inst. for Theoretical Physics
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

We suggest a novel experimental concept for detecting MeV-to-GeV-mass dark matter, in which the dark matter scatters off electrons in a scintillating target and produces a signal of one or a few photons. New large-area photodetectors are needed to measure the photon signal with negligible dark counts, which could be constructed from transition edge sensor (TES) or microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) technology. Alternatively, detecting two photons in coincidence may allow the use of conventional photodetectors like photomultiplier tubes. Here we describe why scintillators may have distinct advantages over other experiments searching for a low ionization signal from sub-GeV dark matter, as there are fewer potential sources of spurious backgrounds. We discuss various target choices, but focus on calculating the expected dark matter-electron scattering rates in three scintillating crystals: sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), and gallium arsenide (GaAs). Among these, GaAs has the lowest band gap (1.52 eV) compared to NaI (5.9 eV) or CsI (6.4 eV), which in principle allows it to probe dark matter masses as low as ~0.5 MeV, compared to ~1.5 MeV with NaI or CsI. We compare these scattering rates with those expected in silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge). The proposed experimental concept presents an important complementary path to existing efforts, and its potential advantages may make it the most sensitive direct-detection probe of dark matter down to MeV masses.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; FG02-09ER16052; PHY1316617; SC0008061

OSTI ID:: 1430683

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1373327

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 1; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 108 works

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New measurement of the relative scintillation efficiency of xenon nuclear recoils below 10 keV Aprile, E.; Baudis, L.; Choi, B. American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-28931	text	January 2009
New Limits on Bosonic Dark Matter, Solar Axions, Pauli Exclusion Principle Violation, and Electron Decay from the Majorana Demonstrator Yu., Efremenko, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries https://doi.org/10.17615/brfc-ps97	text	January 2017
Low-mass dark matter search using ionization signals in XENON100 Collaboration, Xenon; Aprile, E.; Aalbers, J. American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-129743	text	January 2016
A search for light dark matter in XENON10 data Collaboration, Xenon100; Angle, J.; Baudis, L. American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-58436	text	January 2011
A Natural Supersymmetric Model with MeV Dark Matter Hooper, Dan; Zurek, Kathryn M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0801.3686	text	January 2008
Abelian Hidden Sectors at a GeV Morrissey, David E.; Poland, David; Zurek, Kathryn M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0904.2567	text	January 2009
Energy resolution of terahertz single-photon-sensitive bolometric detectors Santavicca, D. F.; Reulet, B.; Karasik, B. S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0906.1205	text	January 2009
Exploring Portals to a Hidden Sector Through Fixed Targets Batell, Brian; Pospelov, Maxim; Ritz, Adam arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0906.5614	text	January 2009
Asymmetric Dark Matter from a GeV Hidden Sector Cohen, Timothy; Phalen, Daniel J.; Pierce, Aaron arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1005.1655	text	January 2010
A superconducting focal plane array for ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared astrophysics Mazin, Benjamin A.; Bumble, Bruce; Meeker, Seth R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1112.0004	text	January 2011
Closing in on Asymmetric Dark Matter I: Model independent limits for interactions with quarks March-Russell, John; Unwin, James; West, Stephen M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1203.4854	text	January 2012
Search for Low-Mass Dark Matter at BABAR Echenard, B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1205.3505	text	January 2012
First Direct Detection Limits on sub-GeV Dark Matter from XENON10 Essig, Rouven; Manalaysay, Aaron; Mardon, Jeremy arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1206.2644	text	January 2012
Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics Chepel, Vitaly; Araújo, Henrique arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1207.2292	text	January 2012
XMASS detector Abe, K.; Hieda, K.; Hiraide, K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1301.2815	text	January 2013
Constraining Light Dark Matter with Low-Energy e+e- Colliders Essig, Rouven; Mardon, Jeremy; Papucci, Michele arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1309.5084	text	January 2013
Testing GeV-Scale Dark Matter with Fixed-Target Missing Momentum Experiments Izaguirre, Eder; Krnjaic, Gordan; Schuster, Philip arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.1404	text	January 2014
Probing Light Thermal Dark-Matter With a Higgs Portal Mediator Krnjaic, Gordan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1512.04119	text	January 2015
SABRE: WIMP modulation detection in the northern and southern hemisphere Froborg, Francis arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1601.05307	text	January 2016
Scalar Dark Matter candidates Boehm, C.; Fayet, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0305261	text	January 2003

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Cryogenic scintillation properties of n -type GaAs for the direct detection of MeV/c ² dark matter Derenzo, S.; Bourret, E.; Hanrahan, S. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018343	journal	March 2018
Direct detection of strongly interacting sub-GeV dark matter via electron recoils Emken, Timon; Essig, Rouven; Kouvaris, Chris Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 09 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/09/070	journal	September 2019
Refined bounds on MeV-scale thermal dark sectors from BBN and the CMB Sabti, Nashwan; Alvey, James; Escudero, Miguel Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2020, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/01/004	journal	January 2020
New constraints and discovery potential of sub-GeV dark matter with xenon detectors McCabe, Christopher Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.96.043010	journal	August 2017
Direct detection of axion-like particles in Bismuth-based topological insulators Liang, Tairan; Zhu, Bin; Ding, Ran International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 33, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1850135x	journal	August 2018
Directly Detecting Sub-GeV Dark Matter with Electrons from Nuclear Scattering Dolan, Matthew J.; Kahlhöfer, Felix Karl David; McCabe, Christopher RWTH Aachen University https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2018-228915	text	January 2018
Twin Higgs model with strongly interacting massive particle dark matter Hochberg, Yonit; Kuflik, Eric; Murayama, Hitoshi Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-00485	text	January 2018
Searching for light WIMPS in view of neutron decay to dark matter Vergados, J. D. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab326d	journal	August 2019
Phenomenology of self-interacting dark matter in a matter-dominated universe Bernal, Nicolás; Cosme, Catarina; Tenkanen, Tommi The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6608-8	journal	January 2019
New constraints and discovery potential of sub-GeV dark matter with xenon detectors McCabe, Christopher arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.04730	text	January 2017
New Constraints and Prospects for sub-GeV Dark Matter Scattering off Electrons in Xenon Essig, Rouven; Volansky, Tomer; Yu, Tien-Tien arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1703.00910	text	January 2017
Resonant absorption of bosonic dark matter in molecules Arvanitaki, Asimina; Dimopoulos, Savas; Van Tilburg, Ken arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.05354	text	January 2017
Light Dark Matter: Models and Constraints Knapen, Simon; Lin, Tongyan; Zurek, Kathryn M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1709.07882	text	January 2017
Phenomenology of Self-Interacting Dark Matter in a Matter-Dominated Universe Bernal, Nicolás; Cosme, Catarina; Tenkanen, Tommi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.08064	text	January 2018
Directional Detection of Light Dark Matter with Polar Materials Griffin, Sinead; Knapen, Simon; Lin, Tongyan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.10291	text	January 2018
Making dark matter out of light: freeze-in from plasma effects Dvorkin, Cora; Lin, Tongyan; Schutz, Katelin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.08623	text	January 2019
On the relation between Migdal effect and dark matter-electron scattering in isolated atoms and semiconductors Essig, Rouven; Pradler, Josef; Sholapurkar, Mukul arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.10881	text	January 2019
Refined Bounds on MeV-scale Thermal Dark Sectors from BBN and the CMB Sabti, Nashwan; Alvey, James; Escudero, Miguel arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.01649	text	January 2019

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