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Title: In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation Cycling of the Conversion Anode RuO 2

Journal Article · · ACS Nano
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/nn402451s· OSTI ID:1426912
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering and Inst. for Systems Research
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
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Conversion-type electrodes represent a broad class of materials with a new Li+ reactivity concept. Of these materials, RuO2 can be considered a model material due to its metallic-like conductivity and its high theoretical capacity of 806 mAh/g. In this study, we use in situ transmission electron microscopy to study the reaction between single-crystal RuO2 nanowires and Li+. We show that a large volume expansion of 95% occurs after lithiation, 26% of which is irreversible after delithiation. Significant surface roughening and lithium embrittlement are also present. Furthermore, we show that the initial reaction from crystalline RuO2 to the fully lithiated mixed phase of Ru/Li2O is not fully reversible, passing through an intermediate phase of LixRuO2. In subsequent cycles, the phase transitions are between amorphous RuO2 in the delithiated state and a nanostructured network of Ru/Li2O in the fully lithiated phase.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); L3 Technologies, New York City, NY (United States)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000; SC0001160
OSTI ID:
1426912
Report Number(s):
SAND2013-4391J; 519480
Journal Information:
ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 7; ISSN 1936-0851
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 65 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Cited By (22)

In Situ Investigations of Li-MoS 2 with Planar Batteries journal November 2014
Probing the Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism and Crystallinity Effect of RuO 2 for Sodium Storage journal January 2018
Review of Recent Development of In Situ/Operando Characterization Techniques for Lithium Battery Research journal May 2019
Thermoelectrochemical Activation of CoO in Na Cells journal January 2018
X‐ray Nano‐computed Tomography of Electrochemical Conversion in Lithium‐ion Battery journal July 2019
Phase evolution for conversion reaction electrodes in lithium-ion batteries journal February 2014
A critical review-promises and barriers of conversion electrodes for Li-ion batteries journal April 2017
Understanding materials challenges for rechargeable ion batteries with in situ transmission electron microscopy journal August 2017
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms in Rechargeable Batteries journal June 2019
High Reversible Lithium Storage Capacity and Structural Changes of Fe 2 O 3 Nanoparticles Confined inside Carbon Nanotubes journal December 2015
Conversion Reaction-Based Oxide Nanomaterials for Lithium Ion Battery Anodes journal December 2015
Transition Metal Oxide Anodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries journal November 2019
Leveraging valuable synergies by combining alloying and conversion for lithium-ion anodes journal January 2016
Dramatically enhanced reversibility of Li 2 O in SnO 2 -based electrodes: the effect of nanostructure on high initial reversible capacity journal January 2016
Potential of Si14Ge14 and B14P14 nanocages as electrodes of metal-ion batteries: a theoretical investigation journal January 2019
Atomistic Conversion Reaction Mechanism of WO 3 in Secondary Ion Batteries of Li, Na, and Ca journal April 2016
Thin Film RuO 2 Lithiation: Fast Lithium-Ion Diffusion along the Interface journal November 2018
Atomic-Scale Monitoring of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy journal October 2017
Recent progress in conversion reaction metal oxide anodes for Li-ion batteries journal January 2017
Leveraging valuable synergies by combining alloying and conversion for lithium-ion anodes text January 2016
Transition Metal Oxide Anodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries text January 2020
Effects of HF on the Lithiation Behavior of the Silicon Anode in LiPF6 Organic Electrolyte Solution journal January 2020

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
conversion electrode
energy storage
in situ transmission electron microscopy
ruthenium dioxide