Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus

Abate, Yohannes; Gamage, Sampath; Li, Zhen; Babicheva, Viktoriia; Javani, Mohammad H.; Wang, Han; Cronin, Stephen B.; Stockman, Mark I.

doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.162

Title: Nanoscopy reveals surface-metallic black phosphorus

Journal Article · Fri Oct 21 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Light, Science & Applications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2016.162· OSTI ID:1423792

Abate, Yohannes ^[1]; Gamage, Sampath ^[2]; Li, Zhen ^[3];

^[1]; Javani, Mohammad H. ^[1]; Wang, Han ^[3]; Cronin, Stephen B. ^[3]; Stockman, Mark I. ^[1]

Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Center for Nano-Optics. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Viterbi School of Engineering

Black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging two-dimensional material with intriguing physical properties. It is highly anisotropic and highly tunable by means of both the number of monolayers and surface doping. Here, we experimentally investigate and theoretically interpret the near-field properties of a-few-atomic-monolayer nanoflakes of BP. We discover near-field patterns of bright outside fringes and a high surface polarizability of nanofilm BP consistent with its surface-metallic, plasmonic behavior at mid-infrared frequencies <1176 cm^-1. We conclude that these fringes are caused by the formation of a highly polarizable layer at the BP surface. This layer has a thickness of ~1 nm and exhibits plasmonic behavior. We estimate that it contains free carriers in a concentration of n≈1.1 × 10²⁰ cm^-3. Surface plasmonic behavior is observed for 10–40 nm BP thicknesses but absent for a 4-nm BP thickness. This discovery opens up a new field of research and potential applications in nanoelectronics, plasmonics and optoelectronics.

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Research Organization:: Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States); Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Office of Naval Research (ONR) (United States)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-01ER15213; SC0007043; FG02-07ER46376; 1553251; 1402906; FA9559-16-1-0172; N00014-13-1-0649

OSTI ID:: 1423792

Journal Information:: Light, Science & Applications, Vol. 5; ISSN 2047-7538

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 35 works

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