Atmospheric escape from the TRAPPIST-1 planets and implications for habitability

Dong, Chuanfei; Jin, Meng; Lingam, Manasvi; Airapetian, Vladimir S.; Ma, Yingjuan; van der Holst, Bart

doi:10.1073/pnas.1708010115

Title: Atmospheric escape from the TRAPPIST-1 planets and implications for habitability

Journal Article · Tue Jan 09 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708010115· OSTI ID:1420766

^[1]; Jin, Meng ^[2]; Lingam, Manasvi ^[3]; Airapetian, Vladimir S. ^[4]; Ma, Yingjuan ^[5]; van der Holst, Bart ^[6]

Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab., Palo Alto, CA (United States)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States); Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Here, the presence of an atmosphere over sufficiently long timescales is widely perceived as one of the most prominent criteria associated with planetary surface habitability. We address the crucial question of whether the seven Earth-sized planets transiting the recently discovered ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 are capable of retaining their atmospheres. To this effect, we carry out numerical simulations to characterize the stellar wind of TRAPPIST-1 and the atmospheric ion escape rates for all of the seven planets. We also estimate the escape rates analytically and demonstrate that they are in good agreement with the numerical results. We conclude that the outer planets of the TRAPPIST-1 system are capable of retaining their atmospheres over billion-year timescales. The consequences arising from our results are also explored in the context of abiogenesis, biodiversity, and searches for future exoplanets. In light of the many unknowns and assumptions involved, we recommend that these conclusions must be interpreted with due caution.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NNX16AK22G; NNG04EA00C

OSTI ID:: 1420766

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 115, Issue 2; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 111 works

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Impact of Clouds and Hazes on the Simulated JWST Transmission Spectra of Habitable Zone Planets in the TRAPPIST-1 System Fauchez, Thomas J.; Turbet, Martin; Villanueva, Geronimo L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5862	journal	December 2019
Prospects for Life on Temperate Planets around Brown Dwarfs Lingam, Manasvi; Ginsburg, Idan; Loeb, Abraham The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 888, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab5b13	journal	January 2020
A Mirage of the Cosmic Shoreline: Venus-like Clouds as a Statistical False Positive for Exoplanet Atmospheric Erosion Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob; Meadows, Victoria S.; Lincowski, Andrew P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab5965	journal	December 2019
Do the TRAPPIST-1 Planets Have Hydrogen-rich Atmospheres? Hori, Yasunori; Ogihara, Masahiro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6168	journal	January 2020
Tidal heating and the habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets Dobos, Vera; Barr, Amy C.; Kiss, László L. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 624 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834254	journal	March 2019
Habitability of Exoplanet Waterworlds Kite, Edwin S.; Ford, Eric B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad6e0	journal	August 2018
Dependence of Biological Activity on the Surface Water Fraction of Planets Lingam, Manasvi; Loeb, Abraham arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.09118	text	January 2018
Stellar energetic particles in the magnetically turbulent habitable zones of TRAPPIST-1-like planetary systems Fraschetti, F.; Drake, J. J.; Alvarado-Gomez, J. D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.03732	text	January 2019
Revisiting the Biological Ramifications of Variations in Earth's Magnetic Field Lingam, Manasvi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.03353	text	January 2019
Impact of Space Weather on Climate and Habitability of Terrestrial Type Exoplanets Airapetian, V. S.; Barnes, R.; Cohen, O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.05093	text	January 2019
A super-Earth and sub-Neptune transiting the late-type M dwarf LP 791-18 Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Waalkes, William; Newton, Elisabeth R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.09267	text	January 2019
Photosynthesis on Exoplanets and Exomoons from Reflected Light Lingam, Manasvi; Loeb, Abraham arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.12576	text	January 2019
Analyzing Atmospheric Temperature Profiles and Spectra of M dwarf Rocky Planets Malik, Matej; Kempton, Eliza M. -R.; Koll, Daniel D. B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.13135	text	January 2019
A Flexible Bayesian Framework for Assessing Habitability with Joint Observational and Model Constraints Truitt, Amanda R.; Young, Patrick A.; Walker, Sara I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.07137	text	January 2019
Frequency of Coronal Mass Ejection Impacts with Early Terrestrial Planets and Exoplanets Around Active Solar-like Stars Kay, Christina; Airapetian, Vladimir S.; Lüftinger, Theresa arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.02701	text	January 2019
A mirage of the cosmic shoreline: Venus-like clouds as a statistical false positive for exoplanet atmospheric erosion Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob; Meadows, Victoria S.; Lincowski, Andrew P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.09132	text	January 2019
Modeling Repeated M Dwarf Flaring at an Earth-like Planet in the Habitable Zone: Atmospheric Effects for an Unmagnetized Planet Tilley, Matt A.; Segura, Antígona; Meadows, Victoria Astrobiology, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2017.1794	journal	January 2019

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
exoplanets
stellar wind
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