Redox stratification of an ancient lake in Gale crater, Mars

Hurowitz, Joel A.; Grotzinger, John P.; Fischer, Woodward W.; McLennan, Scott M.; Milliken, Ralph E.; Stein, Nathan; Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Blake, David F.; Dehouck, Erwin; Eigenbrode, Jen L.; Fairen, Alberto G.; Frydenvang, Jens; Gellert, Ralf; Grant, John A.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Ming, Doug W.; Rampe, Elizabeth B.; Schmidt, Mariek E.; Siebach, Kirsten L.; Stack-Morgan, Katherine; Sumner, Dawn Y.; Wiens, Roger Craig

doi:10.1126/science.aah6849

Title: Redox stratification of an ancient lake in Gale crater, Mars

Journal Article · Fri Jun 02 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6849· OSTI ID:1418769

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Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States)
NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, CA (United States)
Univ. Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (France)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial (CSIC-INTA), Madrid (Spain); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)
Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON (Canada)
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (United States)
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom)
U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX (United States)
Brock Univ., St. Catharines, ON (Canada)
Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY (United States); California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

In 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover landed on Mars to assess its potential as a habitat for past life and investigate the paleoclimate record preserved by sedimentary rocks inside the ~150-kilometer-diameter Gale impact crater. Geological reconstructions from Curiosity rover data have revealed an ancient, habitable lake environment fed by rivers draining into the crater. We synthesize geochemical and mineralogical data from lake-bed mudstones collected during the first 1300 martian solar days of rover operations in Gale. We present evidence for lake redox stratification, established by depth-dependent variations in atmospheric oxidant and dissolved-solute concentrations. Paleoclimate proxy data indicate that a transition from colder to warmer climate conditions is preserved in the stratigraphy. Lastly, a late phase of geochemical modification by saline fluids is recognized.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1418769

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-27689

Journal Information:: Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6341; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 190 works

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A Field Guide to Finding Fossils on Mars McMahon, S.; Bosak, T.; Grotzinger, J. P. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 123, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017je005478	journal	May 2018
An interval of high salinity in ancient Gale crater lake on Mars Rapin, W.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Dromart, G. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0458-8	journal	October 2019
O2 solubility in Martian near-surface environments and implications for aerobic life Stamenković, Vlada; Ward, Lewis M.; Mischna, Michael Nature Geoscience, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0243-0	journal	October 2018
Evidence for plunging river plume deposits in the Pahrump Hills member of the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars Stack, Kathryn M.; Grotzinger, John P.; Lamb, Michael P. Sedimentology, Vol. 66, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12558	journal	February 2019
Semiarid climate and hyposaline lake on early Mars inferred from reconstructed water chemistry at Gale Fukushi, Keisuke; Sekine, Yasuhito; Sakuma, Hiroshi Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12871-6	journal	October 2019
Contrasting Regional Soil Alteration Across the Topographic Dichotomy of Mars Hood, D. R.; Karunatillake, S.; Gasnault, O. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl084483	journal	December 2019
Ancient Martian aeolian processes and palaeomorphology reconstructed from the Stimson formation on the lower slope of Aeolis Mons, Gale crater, Mars Banham, Steven G.; Gupta, Sanjeev; Rubin, David M. Sedimentology, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12469	journal	April 2018
Ichnofossils, Cracks or Crystals? A Test for Biogenicity of Stick-Like Structures from Vera Rubin Ridge, Mars Baucon, Andrea; Neto De Carvalho, Carlos; Felletti, Fabrizio Geosciences, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020039	journal	January 2020
The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return (Imost), International MSR Objectives And Samples Team; Beaty, David W.; Grady, Monica M. ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000332454	text	January 2019
The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return: International MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST) Beaty, D. W.; Grady, M. M.; McSween, H. Y. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 54 https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13242	journal	March 2019
Fe-oxide concretions formed by interacting carbonate and acidic waters on Earth and Mars Yoshida, H.; Hasegawa, H.; Katsuta, N. Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau0872	journal	December 2018
Sample Collection and Return from Mars: Optimising Sample Collection Based on the Microbial Ecology of Terrestrial Volcanic Environments Cockell, Charles S.; McMahon, Sean; Lim, Darlene S. S. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 215, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0609-7	journal	October 2019
Experimental and Simulation Efforts in the Astrobiological Exploration of Exooceans Taubner, Ruth-Sophie; Olsson-Francis, Karen; Vance, Steven D. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 216, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-0635-5	journal	January 2020
Magnetite authigenesis and the warming of early Mars Tosca, Nicholas J.; Ahmed, Imad A. M.; Tutolo, Benjamin M. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0203-8	journal	August 2018
Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.; Summons, Roger E.; Steele, Andrew Science, Vol. 360, Issue 6393 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas9185	journal	June 2018
A surface gravity traverse on Mars indicates low bedrock density at Gale crater Lewis, Kevin W.; Peters, Stephen; Gonter, Kurt Science, Vol. 363, Issue 6426 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat0738	journal	January 2019
Geologic Constraints on Early Mars Climate Kite, Edwin S. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 215, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0575-5	journal	January 2019
Dusty Rocks in Gale Crater: Assessing Areal Coverage and Separating Dust and Rock Contributions in APXS Analyses Schmidt, Mariek E.; Perrett, Glynis M.; Bray, Samantha L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 123, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018je005553	journal	July 2018
Prebiotic chemistry in neutral/reduced-alkaline gas-liquid interfaces Mompeán, Cristina; Marín-Yaseli, Margarita R.; Espigares, Patricia Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36579-7	journal	February 2019
Geological Features and Evolution of Yardangs in the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau (NW China): A Terrestrial Analogue for Mars Wang, Jiang; Xiao, Long; Reiss, Dennis Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 123, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018je005719	journal	September 2018
The origin of life as a planetary phenomenon Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Grotzinger, John P.; Sutherland, John D. Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax3419	journal	February 2020
Subsistence of ice-covered lakes during the Hesperian at Gale crater, Mars Kling, Alexandre M.; Haberle, Robert M.; McKay, Christopher P. Icarus, Vol. 338 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113495	journal	March 2020
Analyses of High‐Iron Sedimentary Bedrock and Diagenetic Features Observed With ChemCam at Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars: Calibration and Characterization David, G.; Cousin, A.; Forni, O. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, Vol. 125, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019je006314	journal	October 2020
A Low-Diversity Microbiota Inhabits Extreme Terrestrial Basaltic Terrains and Their Fumaroles: Implications for the Exploration of Mars Cockell, Charles S.; Harrison, Jesse P.; Stevens, Adam H. Astrobiology, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1870	journal	March 2019
In search of the RNA world on Mars Mojarro, Angel; Jin, Lin; Szostak, Jack W. Geobiology, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12433	journal	February 2021
Clay mineral diversity and abundance in sedimentary rocks of Gale crater, Mars Bristow, Thomas F.; Rampe, Elizabeth B.; Achilles, Cherie N. Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar3330	journal	June 2018
Glaciers and Ice Sheets As Analog Environments of Potentially Habitable Icy Worlds Garcia-Lopez, Eva; Cid, Cristina Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01407	journal	July 2017
Nitrate-Dependent Iron Oxidation: A Potential Mars Metabolism Price, Alex; Pearson, Victoria K.; Schwenzer, Susanne P. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00513	journal	March 2018
Microbial Communities in Sediments From Four Mildly Acidic Ephemeral Salt Lakes in the Yilgarn Craton (Australia) – Terrestrial Analogs to Ancient Mars Aerts, Joost W.; van Spanning, Rob J. M.; Flahaut, Jessica Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00779	journal	May 2019
Microbiology and Nitrogen Cycle in the Benthic Sediments of a Glacial Oligotrophic Deep Andean Lake as Analog of Ancient Martian Lake-Beds Parro, Victor; Puente-Sánchez, Fernando; Cabrol, Nathalie A. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00929	journal	May 2019

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