The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars

Tanvir, N. R.; Levan, A. J.; González-Fernández, C.; Korobkin, O.; Mandel, I.; Rosswog, S.; Hjorth, J.; D’Avanzo, P.; Fruchter, A. S.; Fryer, C. L.; Kangas, T.; Milvang-Jensen, B.; Rosetti, S.; Steeghs, D.; Wollaeger, R. T.; Cano, Z.; Copperwheat, C. M.; Covino, S.; D’Elia, V.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Evans, P. A.; Even, W. P.; Fairhurst, S.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Fontes, C. J.; Fujii, Y. I.; Fynbo, J. P.  U.; Gompertz, B. P.; Greiner, J.; Hodosan, G.; Irwin, M. J.; Jakobsson, P.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Kann, D. A.; Lyman, J. D.; Malesani, D.; McMahon, R. G.; Melandri, A.; O’Brien, P. T.; Osborne, J. P.; Palazzi, E.; Perley, D. A.; Pian, E.; Piranomonte, S.; Rabus, M.; Rol, E.; Rowlinson, A.; Schulze, S.; Sutton, P.; Thöne, C. C.; Ulaczyk, K.; Watson, D.; Wiersema, K.; Wijers, R. A.  M.  J.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6

Title: The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars

Journal Article · Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa90b6· OSTI ID:1407907

^[1]; Levan, A. J. ^[2]; González-Fernández, C. ^[3];

^[4]; Mandel, I. ^[5]; Rosswog, S. ^[6];

^[7]; D’Avanzo, P. ^[8]; Fruchter, A. S. ^[9];

^[4]; Kangas, T. ^[9];

^[7]; Rosetti, S. ^[1]; Steeghs, D. ^[2]; Wollaeger, R. T. ^[4];

^[10]; Copperwheat, C. M. ^[11];

^[8]; D’Elia, V. ^[12]; de Ugarte Postigo, A. ^[13] more »

Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Univ. of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.
National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Merate (Italy)
Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Astrophysical Inst. of Andalusia, Granada (Spain)
Liverpool John Moores Univ. (United Kingdom)
Space Science Data Center, Rome (Italy); National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Cantone (Italy)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.; Astrophysical Inst. of Andalusia, Granada (Spain)
Cardiff Univ. (United Kingdom)
Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.; Nagoya Univ. (Japan)
Max Planck Inst. for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching (Germany)
Univ. of Iceland, Reykjavik (Iceland)
National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Bologna (Italy)
National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Catone (Italy)
Pontifical Catholic Univ. of Chile, Santiago (Chile)
Monash Univ., Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands); Netherlands Inst. for Radio Astronomy, Dwingeloo (Netherlands)
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
Univ. of Amsterdam (Netherlands)

Here, we report the discovery and monitoring of the near-infrared counterpart (AT2017gfo) of a binary neutron-star merger event detected as a gravitational wave source by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo (GW170817) and as a short gamma-ray burst by Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Integral SPI-ACS (GRB 170817A). The evolution of the transient light is consistent with predictions for the behavior of a "kilonova/macronova" powered by the radioactive decay of massive neutron-rich nuclides created via r-process nucleosynthesis in the neutron-star ejecta. In particular, evidence for this scenario is found from broad features seen in Hubble Space Telescope infrared spectroscopy, similar to those predicted for lanthanide-dominated ejecta, and the much slower evolution in the near-infrared $${K}_{{\rm{s}}}$$-band compared to the optical. This indicates that the late-time light is dominated by high-opacity lanthanide-rich ejecta, suggesting nucleosynthesis to the third r-process peak (atomic masses $$A\approx 195$$). This discovery thus confirms that neutron-star mergers produce kilo-/macronovae and that they are at least a major—if not the dominant—site of rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis in the universe.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

OSTI ID:: 1407907

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-29025; TRN: US1702928

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online), Vol. 848, Issue 2; ISSN 2041-8213

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 376 works

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Non-thermal afterglow of the binary neutron star merger GW170817: a more natural modelling of electron energy distribution leads to a qualitatively different new solution Lin, Haoxiang; Totani, Tomonori; Kiuchi, Kenta Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz453	journal	February 2019
A multiwavelength analysis of a collection of short-duration GRBs observed between 2012 and 2015 Pandey, S. B.; Hu, Y.; Castro-Tirado, Ao J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz530	journal	February 2019
A new delay time distribution for merging neutron stars tested against Galactic and cosmic data Simonetti, Paolo; Matteucci, Francesca; Greggio, Laura Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz991	journal	April 2019
A comparison between SALT/SAAO observations and kilonova models for AT 2017gfo: the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational wave transient − GW170817 Buckley, David A. H.; Andreoni, Igor; Barway, Sudhanshu Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 474, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slx196	journal	December 2017
Direct neutron capture cross section on ${}^{80}{Ge}$ and probing shape coexistence in neutron-rich nuclei Ahn, S.; Bardayan, D. W.; Jones, K. L. Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.044613	journal	October 2019
Improving the NRTidal model for binary neutron star systems Dietrich, Tim; Samajdar, Anuradha; Khan, Sebastian Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.044003	journal	August 2019
Inferring prompt black-hole formation in neutron star mergers from gravitational-wave data Agathos, Michalis; Zappa, Francesco; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.101.044006	journal	February 2020
The HabEx Ultraviolet Spectrograph (UVS): design and science drivers Scowen, Paul A.; Martin, Stefan; Mayer, Rud UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments: Innovative Technologies and Concepts IX https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2531658	conference	September 2019
GW170817 --the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: Implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process Siegel, Daniel M. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 55, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12888-9	journal	November 2019
Background-limited Imaging in the Near Infrared with Warm InGaAs Sensors: Applications for Time-domain Astronomy Simcoe, Robert A.; Fűrész, Gábor; Sullivan, Peter W. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aae094	journal	January 2019
A Magnetar Origin for the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817 Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A.; Quataert, Eliot The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab095	journal	March 2018
Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Synchrotron Emission from the Dynamical Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers Lee, Shiu-Hang; Maeda, Keiichi; Kawanaka, Norita The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabaea	journal	May 2018
Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Neutrino-cooled Accretion Disks from Neutron Star Mergers Siegel, Daniel M.; Metzger, Brian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabaec	journal	May 2018
A Long-lived Remnant Neutron Star after GW170817 Inferred from Its Associated Kilonova Yu, Yun-Wei; Liu, Liang-Duan; Dai, Zi-Gao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac6e5	journal	July 2018
On the Origin of Early Solar System Radioactivities: Problems with the Asymptotic Giant Branch and Massive Star Scenarios Vescovi, D.; Busso, M.; Palmerini, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad191	journal	August 2018
The R -Process Alliance: A Comprehensive Abundance Analysis of HD 222925, a Metal-poor Star with an Extreme R -process Enhancement of [Eu/H] = −0.14 Roederer, Ian U.; Sakari, Charli M.; Placco, Vinicius M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadd92	journal	October 2018
Low-frequency View of GW170817/GRB 170817A with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Resmi, L.; Schulze, S.; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae1a6	journal	October 2018
From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817 Nakar, Ehud; Gottlieb, Ore; Piran, Tsvi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae205	journal	October 2018
Neutron Star Mergers are the Dominant Source of the r -process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies Duggan, Gina E.; Kirby, Evan N.; Andrievsky, Serge M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaeb8e	journal	December 2018
Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054	journal	December 2018
Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way Côté, Benoit; Eichler, Marius; Arcones, Almudena The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab10db	journal	April 2019
When Did the Remnant of GW170817 Collapse to a Black Hole? Gill, Ramandeep; Nathanail, Antonios; Rezzolla, Luciano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab16da	journal	May 2019
Finding the Remnants of the Milky Way's Last Neutron Star Mergers Wu, Meng-Ru; Banerjee, Projjwal; Metzger, Brian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2593	journal	July 2019
The Lanthanide Fraction Distribution in Metal-poor Stars: A Test of Neutron Star Mergers as the Dominant r -process Site Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R.; Hansen, Terese T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3291	journal	August 2019
Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova Lamb, G. P.; Tanvir, N. R.; Levan, A. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab38bb	journal	September 2019
Diversity of Kilonova Light Curves Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab61f6	journal	February 2020
ν `bhlight` : Radiation GRMHD for Neutrino-driven Accretion Flows Miller, Jonah M.; Ryan, Ben. R.; Dolence, Joshua C. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 241, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab09fc	journal	April 2019
AT 2017gfo: An Anisotropic and Three-component Kilonova Counterpart of GW170817 Perego, Albino; Radice, David; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9ab9	journal	November 2017
GRB 170817A Associated with GW170817: Multi-frequency Observations and Modeling of Prompt Gamma-Ray Emission Pozanenko, A. S.; Barkov, M. V.; Minaev, P. Yu. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa2f6	journal	January 2018
How Special Is GRB 170817A? Yue, Chuan; Hu, Qian; Zhang, Fu-Wen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 853, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa66c	journal	January 2018
The Binary Neutron Star Event LIGO/Virgo GW170817 160 Days after Merger: Synchrotron Emission across the Electromagnetic Spectrum Margutti, R.; Alexander, K. D.; Xie, X. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab2ad	journal	March 2018
A Globular Cluster Luminosity Function Distance to NGC 4993 Hosting a Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB 170817A Lee, Myung Gyoon; Kang, Jisu; Im, Myungshin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac2e9	journal	May 2018
GW170817 Most Likely Made a Black Hole Pooley, David; Kumar, Pawan; Wheeler, J. Craig The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac3d6	journal	May 2018
An Upper Limit on the Linear Polarization Fraction of the GW170817 Radio Continuum Corsi, Alessandra; Hallinan, Gregg W.; Lazzati, Davide The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aacdfd	journal	July 2018
What Powered the Optical Transient AT2017gfo Associated with GW170817? Li, Shao-Ze; Liu, Liang-Duan; Yu, Yun-Wei The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aace61	journal	July 2018
Observational Implications of Lowering the LIGO-Virgo Alert Threshold Lynch, Ryan; Coughlin, Michael; Vitale, Salvatore The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aacf9f	journal	July 2018
Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Villar, V. A.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad281	journal	July 2018
Californium-254 and Kilonova Light Curves Zhu, Y.; Wollaeger, R. T.; Vassh, N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad5de	journal	August 2018
A Strong Jet Signature in the Late-time Light Curve of GW170817 Mooley, K. P.; Frail, D. A.; Dobie, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeda7	journal	November 2018
The Optical Afterglow of GW170817 at One Year Post-merger Lamb, G. P.; Lyman, J. D.; Levan, A. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf96b	journal	January 2019
Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Gomez, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c	journal	July 2019
GROWTH on S190510g: DECam Observation Planning and Follow-up of a Distant Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate Andreoni, Igor; Goldstein, Daniel A.; Anand, Shreya The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3399	journal	August 2019
The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin Fong, W.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d9e	journal	September 2019
The Reliability of the Low-latency Estimation of Binary Neutron Star Chirp Mass Biscoveanu, Sylvia; Vitale, Salvatore; Haster, Carl-Johan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab479e	journal	October 2019
SN2018kzr: A Rapidly Declining Transient from the Destruction of a White Dwarf McBrien, Owen R.; Smartt, Stephen J.; Chen, Ting-Wan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4dae	journal	October 2019
Spiral-wave Wind for the Blue Kilonova Nedora, Vsevolod; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Radice, David The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab5794	journal	November 2019
Upscattered Cocoon Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as High-energy Gamma-Ray Counterparts to Gravitational Waves Kimura, Shigeo S.; Murase, Kohta; Ioka, Kunihito The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab59e1	journal	December 2019
The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817 Lyman, J. D.; Lamb, G. P.; Levan, A. J. Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0511-3	journal	July 2018
Identification of strontium in the merger of two neutron stars Watson, Darach; Hansen, Camilla J.; Selsing, Jonatan Nature, Vol. 574, Issue 7779 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1676-3	journal	October 2019
The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB) Selsing, J.; Malesani, D.; Goldoni, P. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 623 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832835	journal	March 2019
Binary white dwarfs as laboratories for extreme gravity with LISA Littenberg, Tyson B.; Yunes, Nicolás Classical and Quantum Gravity, Vol. 36, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab0a3d	journal	April 2019
GW170817: implications for the local kilonova rate and for surveys from ground-based facilities Della Valle, M.; Guetta, D.; Cappellaro, E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2541	journal	September 2018
Implications of the radio and X-ray emission that followed GW170817 Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty952	journal	April 2018
Jet structure in the afterglow phase for gamma-ray bursts with a precessing jet Huang, Bao-Quan; Lin, Da-Bin; Liu, Tong Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1426	journal	June 2019
Observable features of GW170817 kilonova afterglow Kathirgamaraju, Adithan; Giannios, Dimitrios; Beniamini, Paz Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1564	journal	June 2019
The Palomar Transient Factory Sky2Night programme van Roestel, J.; Groot, P. J.; Kupfer, T. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz241	journal	January 2019
Serendipitous discoveries of kilonovae in the LSST main survey: maximizing detections of sub-threshold gravitational wave events Setzer, Christian N.; Biswas, Rahul; Peiris, Hiranya V. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz506	journal	February 2019
A luminosity distribution for kilonovae based on short gamma-ray burst afterglows Ascenzi, Stefano; Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz891	journal	March 2019
Exploring the mass surface near the rare-earth abundance peak via precision mass measurements at JYFLTRAP Vilen, M.; Kelly, J. M.; Kankainen, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.101.034312	journal	March 2020
Informing direct neutron capture on tin isotopes near the $N = 82$ shell closure Manning, B.; Arbanas, G.; Cizewski, J. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.99.041302	journal	April 2019
Remnant baryon mass in neutron star-black hole mergers: Predictions for binary neutron star mimickers and rapidly spinning black holes Foucart, Francois; Hinderer, Tanja; Nissanke, Samaya Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.081501	journal	October 2018
Gravitational waveforms from spectral Einstein code simulations: Neutron star-neutron star and low-mass black hole-neutron star binaries Foucart, F.; Duez, M. D.; Hinderer, T. Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.99.044008	journal	February 2019
Precision Mass Measurements on Neutron-Rich Rare-Earth Isotopes at JYFLTRAP: Reduced Neutron Pairing and Implications for $r$ -Process Calculations Vilen, M.; Kelly, J. M.; Kankainen, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.120.262701	journal	June 2018
A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant. Collaboration, LIGO Scientific; Collaboration,, 1m2h; Collaboration, Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.31821	text	January 2017
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.57867	text	January 2020
Abundances in the Local Region. III. Southern F, G, and K Dwarfs Luck, R. Earle The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 155, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaa9b5	journal	February 2018
Kinematics of Highly r -process-enhanced Field Stars: Evidence for an Accretion Origin and Detection of Several Groups from Disrupted Satellites Roederer, Ian U.; Hattori, Kohei; Valluri, Monica The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 156, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aadd9c	journal	October 2018
Short GRBs: Opening Angles, Local Neutron Star Merger Rate, and Off-axis Events for GRB/GW Association Jin, Zhi-Ping; Li, Xiang; Wang, Hao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab76d	journal	April 2018
On GW170817 and the Galactic Binary Neutron Star Population Pankow, Chris The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadc66	journal	October 2018
Kilonova Emission from Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers: Observational Signatures of Anisotropic Mass Ejection Huang, Zhi-Qiu; Liu, Liang-Duan; Wang, Xiang-Yu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae093	journal	October 2018
β -delayed Fission in r -process Nucleosynthesis Mumpower, M. R.; Kawano, T.; Sprouse, T. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaeaca	journal	December 2018
Optical Follow-up of Gravitational-wave Events during the Second Advanced LIGO/VIRGO Observing Run with the DLT40 Survey Yang, Sheng; Sand, David J.; Valenti, Stefano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0e06	journal	April 2019
Probing the Production of Actinides under Different r-process Conditions Eichler, M.; Sayar, W.; Arcones, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab24cf	journal	July 2019
A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT 2017gfo Associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A Ren, Jia; Lin, Da-Bin; Zhang, Lu-Lu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4188	journal	October 2019
Abundances and Depletions of Neutron-capture Elements in the Interstellar Medium Ritchey, A. M.; Federman, S. R.; Lambert, D. L. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 236, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aab71e	journal	May 2018
Estimating the Contribution of Dynamical Ejecta in the Kilonova Associated with GW170817 Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9478	journal	December 2017
Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817 Margalit, Ben; Metzger, Brian D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa991c	journal	November 2017
The Combined Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves of the Kilonova Associated with the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Unified Data Set, Analytic Models, and Physical Implications Villar, V. A.; Guillochon, J.; Berger, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9c84	journal	December 2017
GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Zappa, Francesco The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa402	journal	January 2018
The First Hours of the GW170817 Kilonova and the Importance of Early Optical and Ultraviolet Observations for Constraining Emission Models Arcavi, Iair The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab267	journal	March 2018
A Turnover in the Radio Light Curve of GW170817 Dobie, Dougal; Kaplan, David L.; Murphy, Tara The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac105	journal	May 2018
Viscous-dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Mergers Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf053	journal	December 2018
Can Kilonova Light Curves Be Standardized? Kashyap, Rahul; Raman, Gayathri; Ajith, Parameswaran The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab543f	journal	November 2019
Nonthermal afterglow of the binary neutron star merger GW170817: A more natural modeling of electron energy distribution leads to a qualitatively different new solution Lin, H.; Totani, T.; Kiuchi, K. Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 340, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201913591	journal	January 2019
Binary neutron stars and production of heavy elements Matteucci, Francesca; Romano, Donatella; Cescutti, Gabriele Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, Vol. 30, Issue S1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-018-0754-z	journal	January 2019
Kilonovae Metzger, Brian D. Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41114-019-0024-0	journal	December 2019
The first direct double neutron star merger detection: Implications for cosmic nucleosynthesis Rosswog, S.; Sollerman, J.; Feindt, U. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 615 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732117	journal	July 2018
Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics and Fast Transients Bianco, Federica B.; Drout, Maria R.; Graham, Melissa L. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1000 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ab121a	journal	April 2019
Can a black hole–neutron star merger explain GW170817, AT2017gfo, and GRB170817A? Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.043011	journal	August 2019
Fingerprints of Heavy-Element Nucleosynthesis in the Late-Time Lightcurves of Kilonovae Wu, Meng-Ru; Barnes, J.; Martínez-Pinedo, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.062701	journal	February 2019
Properties of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. Physical Review X, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.9.011001	journal	January 2019
The Allowed Parameter Space of a Long-lived Neutron Star as the Merger Remnant of GW170817 Ai, Shunke; Gao, He; Dai, Zi-Gao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac2b7	journal	June 2018
Numerical Simulations of the Jet Dynamics and Synchrotron Radiation of Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB 170817A Xie, Xiaoyi; Zrake, Jonathan; MacFadyen, Andrew The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacf9c	journal	August 2018
Optimized Radio Follow-up of Binary Neutron-star Mergers Carbone, Dario; Corsi, Alessandra The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae583	journal	November 2018
Radioactive Heating and Late Time Kilonova Light Curves Kasen, Daniel; Barnes, Jennifer The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab06c2	journal	May 2019
Optimal Search Strategy for Finding Transients in Large-sky Error Regions under Realistic Constraints Rana, Javed; Anand, Shreya; Bose, Sukanta The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab165a	journal	May 2019
Can Neutron-star Mergers Explain the r -process Enrichment in Globular Clusters? Zevin, Michael; Kremer, Kyle; Siegel, Daniel M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab498b	journal	November 2019
Gamma Rays from Kilonova: A Potential Probe of r -process Nucleosynthesis Korobkin, Oleg; Hungerford, Aimee M.; Fryer, Christopher L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab64d8	journal	February 2020
Improved Constraints on H ₀ from a Combined Analysis of Gravitational-wave and Electromagnetic Emission from GW170817 Guidorzi, C.; Margutti, R.; Brout, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa009	journal	December 2017
A Precise Distance to the Host Galaxy of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Using Surface Brightness Fluctuations Cantiello, Michele; Jensen, J. B.; Blakeslee, J. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaad64	journal	February 2018
Radiative Transfer Simulation for the Optical and Near-infrared Electromagnetic Counterparts to GW170817 Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aade02	journal	September 2018
Searches after Gravitational Waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO): System Overview and First Results from Advanced LIGO/Virgo’s Third Observing Run Lundquist, M. J.; Paterson, K.; Fong, W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab32f2	journal	August 2019
On the Possibility of GW190425 Being a Black Hole–Neutron Star Binary Merger Kyutoku, Koutarou; Fujibayashi, Sho; Hayashi, Kota The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab6e70	journal	February 2020
Estimating the contribution of dynamical ejecta in the kilonova associated with GW170817 Abbott, B. P.; Al, Et IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-147235	text	January 2017
r -Process Nucleosynthesis in the Early Universe Through Fast Mergers of Compact Binaries in Triple Systems Bonetti, Matteo; Perego, Albino; Capelo, Pedro R. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Vol. 35 https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2018.11	journal	January 2018
From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars Gandolfi, S.; Lippuner, J.; Steiner, A. W. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ab29b3	journal	August 2019
GRB 170817A as a jet counterpart to gravitational wave triggerGW 170817 Lamb, Gavin P.; Kobayashi, Shiho Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1108	journal	May 2018
Late-time evolution of afterglows from off-axis neutron star mergers Lamb, Gavin P.; Mandel, Ilya; Resmi, Lekshmi Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2196	journal	August 2018
Using failed supernovae to constrain the Galactic r-process element production Wehmeyer, B.; Fröhlich, C.; Côté, B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1310	journal	May 2019
The role of magnetic field geometry in the evolution of neutron star merger accretion discs Christie, I. M.; Lalakos, A.; Tchekhovskoy, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2552	journal	September 2019
Full transport model of GW170817-like disk produces a blue kilonova Miller, Jonah M.; Ryan, Benjamin R.; Dolence, Joshua C. Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.023008	journal	July 2019
Waveform systematics for binary neutron star gravitational wave signals: Effects of spin, precession, and the observation of electromagnetic counterparts Samajdar, Anuradha; Dietrich, Tim Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.024046	journal	July 2019
Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. Heidelberg : Springer https://doi.org/10.15488/10565	other	January 2020
Late-time Kilonova Light Curves and Implications to GW170817 Waxman, Eli; Ofek, Eran O.; Kushnir, Doron The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1f71	journal	June 2019
Extended Calculations of Energy Levels and Transition Rates of Nd ii-iv Ions for Application to Neutron Star Mergers Gaigalas, Gediminas; Kato, Daiji; Rynkun, Pavel The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aaf9b8	journal	February 2019
The Distance to NGC 4993: The Host Galaxy of the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817 Hjorth, Jens; Levan, Andrew J.; Tanvir, Nial R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9110	journal	October 2017
Neutron-star Radius Constraints from GW170817 and Future Detections Bauswein, Andreas; Just, Oliver; Janka, Hans-Thomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9994	journal	November 2017
An interacting dark sector and the implications of the first gravitational-wave standard siren detection on current constraints Mifsud, Jurgen; van de Bruck, Carsten Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1293	journal	May 2019
Probing the extragalactic fast transient sky at minute time-scales with DECam Andreoni, I.; Cooke, J.; Webb, S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3381	journal	December 2019
Models and simulations for the photometric lsst astronomical time series classification challenge (Plasticc) Kessler, R.; Narayan, G.; Avelino, A. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.41808	text	January 2019
Constraining the Inclinations of Binary Mergers from Gravitational-wave Observations Usman, S. A.; Mills, J. C.; Fairhurst, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0b3e	journal	May 2019
A comparison between SALT/SAAO observations and kilonova models for AT 2017gfo: the first electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational wave transient - GW170817 Buckley, David A. H.; Andreoni, Igor; Barway, Sudhanshu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05855	text	January 2017
GRB 170817A as a jet counterpart to gravitational wave trigger GW 170817 Lamb, Gavin P.; Kobayashi, Shiho arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.05857	text	January 2017
Improved constraints on H0 from a combined analysis of gravitational-wave and electromagnetic emission from GW170817 Guidorzi, C.; Margutti, R.; Brout, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1710.06426	text	January 2017
AT2017gfo: an anisotropic and three-component kilonova counterpart of GW170817 Perego, Albino; Radice, David; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.03982	text	January 2017
Transient Survey Rates for Orphan Afterglows from Compact Merger Jets Lamb, Gavin P.; Tanaka, Masaomi; Kobayashi, Shiho arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.00418	text	January 2017
GW170817 Most Likely Made a Black Hole Pooley, David; Kumar, Pawan; Wheeler, J. Craig arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.03240	text	January 2017
The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817 Lyman, J. D.; Lamb, G. P.; Levan, A. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.02669	preprint	January 2018
A magnetar origin for the kilonova ejecta in GW170817 Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A.; Quataert, Eliot arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.04286	text	January 2018
The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB) Selsing, J.; Malesani, D.; Goldoni, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.07727	text	January 2018
Abundances and Depletions of Neutron-Capture Elements in the Interstellar Medium Ritchey, Adam M.; Federman, Steven R.; Lambert, David L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.01089	text	January 2018
A turnover in the radio light curve of GW170817 Dobie, Dougal; Kaplan, David L.; Murphy, Tara arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.06853	text	January 2018
Shock acceleration of electrons and synchrotron emission from the dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers Lee, Shiu-Hang; Maeda, Keiichi; Kawanaka, Norita arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.10926	text	January 2018
What Powered the Optical Transient AT2017gfo Associated with GW170817? Li, Shao-Ze; Liu, Liang-Duan; Yu, Yun-Wei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.06597	text	January 2018
Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Observations of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Villar, V. A.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Berger, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.08192	text	January 2018
Californium-254 and kilonova light curves Zhu, Y.; Wollaeger, R. T.; Vassh, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.09724	text	January 2018
Neutron Star Mergers Are the Dominant Source of the r-process in the Early Evolution of Dwarf Galaxies Duggan, Gina E.; Kirby, Evan N.; Andrievsky, Serge M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.04597	text	January 2018
Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts and Nucleosynthesis Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.11161	text	January 2018
Viscous-Dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Merger Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.11163	text	January 2018
Multimessenger Parameter Estimation of GW170817 Radice, David; Dai, Liang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.12917	text	January 2018
Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics & Fast Transients Bianco, Federica B.; Drout, Maria R.; Graham, Melissa L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.03146	text	January 2018
A new delay time distribution for merging neutron stars tested against Galactic and cosmic data Simonetti, Paolo; Matteucci, Francesca; Greggio, Laura arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.02732	text	January 2019
GW170817$-$the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process Siegel, Daniel M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.09044	text	January 2019
Late time kilonova light curves and implications to GW 170817 Waxman, Eli; Ofek, Eran O.; Kushnir, Doron arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.01197	text	January 2019
From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars Gandolfi, S.; Lippuner, J.; Steiner, A. W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.06730	text	January 2019
A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT2017gfo Associated with GW 170817/GRB 170817A Ren, Jia; Lin, Da-Bin; Zhang, Lu-Lu arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.04670	text	January 2019
Gamma-rays from kilonova: a potential probe of r-process nucleosynthesis Korobkin, Oleg; Hungerford, Aimee M.; Fryer, Christopher L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.05089	text	January 2019
Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova Miller, Jonah M.; Ryan, Benjamin R.; Dolence, Joshua C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.07477	text	January 2019
Neutron star binary orbits in their host potential: effect on early r-process enrichment Bonetti, Matteo; Perego, Albino; Dotti, Massimo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.12016	text	January 2019
POSSIS: predicting spectra, light curves and polarization for multi-dimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae Bulla, Mattia arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.04205	text	January 2019
Searches After Gravitational-waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO): System Overview and First Results from Advanced LIGO/Virgo's Third Observing Run Lundquist, M. J.; Paterson, K.; Fong, W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.06345	text	January 2019
A multi-dimensional implementation of the Advanced Spectral neutrino Leakage scheme Gizzi, Davide; O'Connor, Evan; Rosswog, Stephan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.11494	text	January 2019
Diversity of kilonova light curves Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.05815	text	January 2019
On the possibility of GW190425 being a black hole--neutron star binary merger Kyutoku, Koutarou; Fujibayashi, Sho; Hayashi, Kota arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.04474	text	January 2020

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