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Title: Inferences on mass composition and tests of hadronic interactions from 0.3 to 100 EeV using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Journal Article · · Physical Review D
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We present a new method for probing the hadronic interaction models at ultra-high energy and extracting details about mass composition. This is done using the time profiles of the signals recorded with the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profiles arise from a mix of the muon and electromagnetic components of air-showers. Using the risetimes of the recorded signals we define a new parameter, which we use to compare our observations with predictions from simulations. We find, firstly, inconsistencies between our data and predictions over a greater energy range and with substantially more events than in previous studies. Secondly, by calibrating the new parameter with fluorescence measurements from observations made at the Auger Observatory, we can infer the depth of shower maximum for a sample of over 81,000 events extending from 0.3 EeV to over 100 EeV. Above 30 EeV, the sample is nearly fourteen times larger than currently available from fluorescence measurements and extending the covered energy range by half a decade. The energy dependence of the average depth of shower maximum is compared to simulations and interpreted in terms of the mean of the logarithmic mass. Here, we find good agreement with previous work and extend the measurement of the mean depth of shower maximum to greater energies than before, reducing significantly the statistical uncertainty associated with the inferences about mass composition.

Research Organization:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
Pierre Auger Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11359; FR02-04ER41300; FG02-99ER41107; SC0011689
OSTI ID:
1407120
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1412009
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-17-357; arXiv:1710.07249; PRVDAQ; 1631620
Journal Information:
Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 12; ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 95 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (20)

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Cited By (22)

The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and design journal August 2019
Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case journal October 2019
IMAGINE: a comprehensive view of the interstellar medium, Galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays journal August 2018
Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory journal October 2019
Search for point sources of ultra-high-energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector journal February 2020
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies journal June 2019
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models journal March 2019
Particle Acceleration by Cosmic Ray Viscosity in Radio-jet Shear Flows journal August 2019
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei journal November 2019
Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models text January 2019
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies text January 2019
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models conference July 2021
Determining the fraction of cosmic-ray protons at ultra-high energies with cosmogenic neutrinos text January 2019
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies text January 2019
IMAGINE: A comprehensive view of the interstellar medium, Galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays text January 2018
Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case text January 2018
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and Design text January 2018
Determining the fraction of cosmic-ray protons at ultra-high energies with cosmogenic neutrinos text January 2019
Search for point sources of ultra-high energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector text January 2019
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei text January 2019
Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019

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