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Title: Evaluation of moisture ingress from the perimeter of photovoltaic modules: Evaluation of moisture ingress

Journal Article · · Progress in Photovoltaics
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2374· OSTI ID:1405904
 [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden CO 80401 USA

Many thin film photovoltaic (PV) technologies can be sensitive to corrosion induced by the presence of water vapor in the packaging materials. Typically impermeable front and backsheets are used in conjunction with an edge-seal around the perimeter to prevent water vapor ingress. These edge-seal materials are often made of a polyisobutylene resin filled with desiccant, which dramatically increases the time for moisture to reach sensitive module components. While edge-seals can prevent moisture ingress, even the lowest diffusivity transparent encapsulant materials are insufficient for the lifetime of a module. To evaluate the performance of edge-seal and encapsulant materials in a manner that simulates their function in a PV module, an optical method was devised where ingress is detected by reaction of a Ca film with water. Using this method, we have exposed test samples to heat and humidity allowing quantitative comparison of different edge-seal and encapsulant materials. Next, we use measurements of polymer diffusivity and solubility to evaluate the ability to model this moisture ingress. Here, we find good agreement between these two methods highlighting the much greater ability of polyisobutylene materials to keep moisture out as compared with typical encapsulant materials used in the PV industry.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1405904
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5J00-57218
Journal Information:
Progress in Photovoltaics, Vol. 22, Issue 11; ISSN 1062-7995
Publisher:
Wiley
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (13)

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The low-temperature oxidation of calcium by water vapor journal October 1977
Modeling of rates of moisture ingress into photovoltaic modules journal October 2006
The effect of damp-heat and UV aging tests on the optical properties of silicone and EVA encapsulants journal August 2010
A study of the influence of the Ga content on the long-term stability of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells journal May 2003
Factors Affecting the Stability of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells Deduced from Stress Tests at Elevated Temperature journal April 2003
Sample temperatures during outdoor and laboratory weathering exposures journal February 2009
The diffusion time lag in polymer membranes containing adsorptive fillers journal January 1973
Molecular packing and diffusion in polyisobutylene journal November 1991
Quantitative calcium resistivity based method for accurate and scalable water vapor transmission rate measurement
  • Reese, Matthew O.; Dameron, Arrelaine A.; Kempe, Michael D.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 8, Article No. 085101 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3606644
journal August 2011

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