Cross-scale observations of the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm: THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, and TWINS

Goldstein, J.; Angelopoulos, V.; De Pascuale, S.; Funsten, H. O.; Kurth, W. S.; LLera, K.; McComas, D. J.; Perez, J. D.; Reeves, G. D.; Spence, H. E.; Thaller, S. A.; Valek, P. W.; Wygant, J. R.

doi:10.1002/2016JA023173

Title: Cross-scale observations of the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm: THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, and TWINS

Journal Article · Sat Dec 10 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023173· OSTI ID:1402617

^[1]; Angelopoulos, V. ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[3];

^[1];

^[5];

^[6];

^[4];

^[7];

^[8];

^[1];

^[8]

Southwest Research Inst. (SwRI), San Antonio, TX (United States). Space Science and Engineering Division; Univ. of Texas, San Antonio, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics
Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical Science
Auburn Univ., AL (United States). Physics Dept.
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Inst. for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

In this paper, we present cross-scale magnetospheric observations of the 17 March 2015 (St. Patrick's Day) storm, by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), Van Allen Probes (Radiation Belt Storm Probes), and Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS), plus upstream ACE/Wind solar wind data. THEMIS crossed the bow shock or magnetopause 22 times and observed the magnetospheric compression that initiated the storm. Empirical models reproduce these boundary locations within 0.7 R_E. Van Allen Probes crossed the plasmapause 13 times; test particle simulations reproduce these encounters within 0.5 R_E. Before the storm, Van Allen Probes measured quiet double-nose proton spectra in the region of corotating cold plasma. About 15 min after a 0605 UT dayside southward turning, Van Allen Probes captured the onset of inner magnetospheric convection, as a density decrease at the moving corotation-convection boundary (CCB) and a steep increase in ring current (RC) proton flux. During the first several hours of the storm, Van Allen Probes measured highly dynamic ion signatures (numerous injections and multiple spectral peaks). Sustained convection after ~1200 UT initiated a major buildup of the midnight-sector ring current (measured by RBSP A), with much weaker duskside fluxes (measured by RBSP B, THEMIS a and THEMIS d). A close conjunction of THEMIS d, RBSP A, and TWINS 1 at 1631 UT shows good three-way agreement in the shapes of two-peak spectra from the center of the partial RC. A midstorm injection, observed by Van Allen Probes and TWINS at 1740 UT, brought in fresh ions with lower average energies (leading to globally less energetic spectra in precipitating ions) but increased the total pressure. Finally, the cross-scale measurements of 17 March 2015 contain significant spatial, spectral, and temporal structure.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; NNX14AC14G; NAS5-01072

OSTI ID:: 1402617

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-16-26167; TRN: US1703011

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 1; ISSN 2169-9380

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 26 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (56)

The THEMIS Mission Angelopoulos, V. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 141, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9336-1	journal	April 2008
Electron densities inferred from plasma wave spectra obtained by the Waves instrument on Van Allen Probes: Van Allen Probes Electron Densities Kurth, W. S.; De Pascuale, S.; Faden, J. B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020857	journal	February 2015
Superposed epoch analyses of ion temperatures during CME- and CIR/HSS-driven storms Keesee, A. M.; Elfritz, J. G.; Fok, M. -C. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 115-116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.009	journal	August 2014
Ion multi-nose structures observed by Cluster in the inner Magnetosphere Vallat, C.; Ganushkina, N.; Dandouras, I. Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-171-2007	journal	January 2007
First Results from the THEMIS Mission Angelopoulos, V.; Sibeck, D.; Carlson, C. W. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 141, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9378-4	journal	June 2008
Coupled response of the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere on 17 April 2002 Goldstein, J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010712	journal	January 2005
The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Acuna, M. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9993-6	journal	June 2013
Five Years of Stereo Magnetospheric Imaging by TWINS Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 180, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0012-8	journal	August 2013
Global ena Image Simulations Fok, M. -C.; Moore, T. E.; Wilson, G. R. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 109, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SPAC.0000007514.56380.fd	journal	January 2003
Comparison of TWINS images of low-altitude emission of energetic neutral atoms with DMSP precipitating ion fluxes: A TWINS AND DMSP SPECTRAL COMPARISON Bazell, D.; Roelof, E. C.; Sotirelis, T. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015644	journal	October 2010
Simulation of Van Allen Probes plasmapause encounters Goldstein, J.; Pascuale, S. De; Kletzing, C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020252	journal	September 2014
Simulation and TWINS observations of the 22 July 2009 storm: SIMULATION OF 22 JULY 2009 STORM Fok, M. -C.; Buzulukova, N.; Chen, S. -H. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 115, Issue A12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015443	journal	December 2010
Magnetospheric model of subauroral polarization stream: MAGNETOSPHERIC SAPS MODEL Goldstein, J.; Burch, J. L.; Sandel, B. R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 110, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011135	journal	September 2005
On the Relation Between Sub-Auroral Electric Fields, the Ring Current and the Plasmasphere Brandt, P. C.; Goldstein, J.; Anderson, P. C. The Inner Magnetosphere: Physics and Modeling https://doi.org/10.1029/155GM19	book	March 2013
Energetic neutral atom imaging at low altitudes from the Swedish microsatellite Astrid: Observations at low (≤10 keV) energies Brandt, P. Cson; Barabash, S.; Roelof, E. C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 106, Issue A11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA900119	journal	November 2001
A new functional form to study the solar wind control of the magnetopause size and shape Shue, J. -H.; Chao, J. K.; Fu, H. C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 102, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA00196	journal	May 1997
Global ENA observations of the storm mainphase ring current: Implications for skewed electric fields in the inner magnetosphere: SKEWED MAIN PHASE RING CURRENT Cson Brandt, P.; Ohtani, S.; Mitchell, D. G. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015160	journal	October 2002
Comparison of TWINS and THEMIS observations of proton pitch angle distributions in the ring current during the 29 May 2010 geomagnetic storm: TWINS AND THEMIS PADs Grimes, E. W.; Perez, J. D.; Goldstein, J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50455	journal	August 2013
A flexible, IMF dependent model of high-latitude electric potentials having “Space Weather” applications Weimer, D. R. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 23, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02255	journal	September 1996
Energetic particle penetrations into the inner magnetosphere Ejiri, M.; Hoffman, R. A.; Smith, Paul H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 85, Issue A2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA085iA02p00653	journal	January 1980
Pressure changes in the plasma sheet during substorm injections Kistler, L. M.; Möbius, E.; Baumjohann, W. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 97, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/91JA02802	journal	March 1992
First joint in situ and global observations of the medium‐energy oxygen and hydrogen in the inner magnetosphere Valek, P. W.; Goldstein, J.; Jahn, J. ‐M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021151	journal	September 2015
O ⁺ ion conic and plasma sheet dynamics observed by Van Allen Probe satellites during the 1 June 2013 magnetic storm: Energetic Inner Magnetosphere O ⁺ Ions Burke, W. J.; Erickson, P. J.; Yang, J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021795	journal	May 2016
Magnetospheric imaging: Promise to reality Burch, J. L. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 43, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004RG000160	journal	January 2005
Global ENA IMAGE Simulations Fok, M. -C.; Moore, T. E.; Wilson, G. R. Magnetospheric Imaging — The Image Prime Mission https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0027-7_5	book	January 2003
A new approach to magnetopause and bow shock modeling based on automated region identification: BOW SHOCK AND MAGNETOPAUSE MODELING Jelínek, K.; Němeček, Z.; Šafránková, J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017252	journal	May 2012
Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Mauk, B. H.; Fox, N. J.; Kanekal, S. G. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9908-y	journal	September 2012
Drift paths of ions composing multiple-nose spectral structures near the inner edge of the plasma sheet: MULTIPLE-NOSE ION DRIFT PATHS Ferradas, C. P.; Zhang, J. -C.; Spence, H. E. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071359	journal	November 2016
The Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Model: THE CIMI MODEL Fok, M. -C.; Buzulukova, N. Y.; Chen, S. -H. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020239	journal	September 2014
Van Allen Probes investigation of the large‐scale duskward electric field and its role in ring current formation and plasmasphere erosion in the 1 June 2013 storm Thaller, S. A.; Wygant, J. R.; Dai, L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020875	journal	June 2015
Preface Burch, James; Schulz, Michael; Spence, Harlan Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives From Imaging https://doi.org/10.1029/159GM01	book	January 2005
Global plasmasphere evolution 22–23 April 2001 Goldstein, J.; Sandel, B. R.; Forrester, W. T. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue A12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011282	journal	January 2005
“Trunk-like” heavy ion structures observed by the Van Allen Probes: TRUNK ION STRUCTURES Zhang, J. -C.; Kistler, L. M.; Spence, H. E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021822	journal	October 2015
Lifetime of ring current particles due to coulomb collisions in the plasmasphere Fok, M. -C.; Kozyra, J. U.; Nagy, A. F. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 96, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/90JA02620	journal	January 1991
Global images of trapped ring current ions during main phase of 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm as observed by TWINS: GLOBAL IMAGES OF RING CURRENT IONS Perez, J. D.; Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022375	journal	July 2016
Heavy-ion dominance near Cluster perigees: Heavy-Ion Dominance Ferradas, C. P.; Zhang, J. -C.; Kistler, L. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021063	journal	December 2015
Empirical plasmapause models from magnetic indices: EMPIRICAL PLASMAPAUSE MODELS O'Brien, T. P.; Moldwin, M. B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016007	journal	February 2003
The Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) NASA Mission-of-Opportunity McComas, D. J.; Allegrini, F.; Baldonado, J. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 142, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9467-4	journal	January 2009
SWE, a comprehensive plasma instrument for the WIND spacecraft Ogilvie, K. W.; Chornay, D. J.; Fritzenreiter, R. J. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 71, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751326	journal	February 1995
The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Wygant, J. R.; Bonnell, J. W.; Goetz, K. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-0013-7	journal	October 2013
Direct observations in the dusk hours of the characteristics of the storm time ring current particles during the beginning of magnetic storms Smith, Paul H.; Hoffman, R. A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 79, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA079i007p00966	journal	March 1974
The THEMIS ESA Plasma Instrument and In-flight Calibration McFadden, J. P.; Carlson, C. W.; Larson, D. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 141, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-008-9440-2	journal	October 2008
Can the ionosphere regulate magnetospheric convection? Coroniti, F. V.; Kennel, C. F. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 78, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1029/JA078i016p02837	journal	June 1973
The WIND magnetic field investigation Lepping, R. P.; Acũna, M. H.; Burlaga, L. F. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 71, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751330	journal	February 1995
Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) Mass Spectrometer for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Funsten, H. O.; Skoug, R. M.; Guthrie, A. A. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 179, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9968-7	journal	March 2013
In situ signatures of residual plasmaspheric plumes: Observations and simulation Goldstein, J.; Thomsen, M. F.; DeJong, A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA019953	journal	June 2014
Regions of ion energization observed during the Galaxy-15 substorm with TWINS: TWINS Galaxy-15 Keesee, A. M.; Chen, M. W.; Scime, E. E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020466	journal	October 2014
First comparisons of local ion measurements in the inner magnetosphere with energetic neutral atom magnetospheric image inversions: Cluster-CIS and IMAGE-HENA observations Vallat, Claire Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue A4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JA010224	journal	January 2004
IMF-driven plasmasphere erosion of 10 July 2000 Goldstein, J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016478	journal	January 2003
Analytical estimate for low‐altitude ENA emissivity Goldstein, J.; Bisikalo, D. V.; Shematovich, V. I. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021773	journal	February 2016
Evolution of CIR storm on 22 July 2009: CIR STORM ON 22 JULY 2009 Perez, J. D.; Grimes, E. W.; Goldstein, J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017572	journal	September 2012
TWINS stereoscopic imaging of multiple peaks in the ring current Perez, J. D.; Goldstein, J.; McComas, D. J. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020662	journal	January 2015
Two types of ion spectral gaps in the quiet inner magnetosphere: Interball-2 observations and modeling Buzulukova, N. Y.; Galperin, Y. I.; Kovrazhkin, R. A. Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 20, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-349-2002	journal	January 2002
Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers and Interstellar Boundary Explorer energetic neutral atom imaging of the 5 April 2010 substorm: TWINS AND IBEX ENA IMAGING OF A SUBSTORM McComas, D. J.; Buzulukova, N.; Connors, M. G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 117, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017273	journal	March 2012
The Electric Field and Waves Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission Wygant, J. R.; Bonnell, J. W.; Goetz, K. The Van Allen Probes Mission https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7433-4_6	book	January 2013
First Results from the THEMIS Mission Angelopoulos, V.; Sibeck, D.; Carlson, C. W. The THEMIS Mission https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89820-9_19	book	January 2009

Cited By (4)

Solar Rotation Period Driven Modulations of Plasmaspheric Density and Convective Electric Field in the Inner Magnetosphere Thaller, S. A.; Wygant, J. R.; Cattell, C. A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018ja026365	journal	March 2019
A Simulation of the Field‐Aligned Plasma Transport in the Plasmaspheric Plume During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm Qiao, Zheng; Yuan, Zhigang; Tu, Jiannan Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja027031	journal	November 2019
Dynamics of a geomagnetic storm on 7–10 September 2015 as observed by TWINS and simulated by CIMI Perez, Joseph D.; Edmond, James; Hill, Shannon Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 36, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1439-2018	journal	January 2018
Ground geomagnetic field and GIC response to March 17, 2015, storm Kozyreva, Olga V.; Pilipenko, Vyacheslav A.; Belakhovsky, Vladimir B. Earth, Planets and Space, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0933-2	journal	October 2018

Similar Records

The Global Positioning System constellation as a space weather monitor. Comparison of electron measurements with Van Allen Probes data

Journal Article · Sat Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Space Weather · OSTI ID:1402617

Morley, Steven K.; Sullivan, John P.; Henderson, Michael G.; +2 more

Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, GOES, and cluster observations of EMIC waves, ULF pulsations, and an electron flux dropout

Journal Article · Fri Mar 04 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1402617

Sigsbee, K.; Kletzing, C. A.; Smith, C. W.; +9 more

Comparison of electron loss models in the inner magnetosphere during the 2013 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm

Journal Article · Fri Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics · OSTI ID:1402617

Ferradas, C. P.; Jordanova, Vania Koleva; Reeves, Geoffrey D.; +1 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
multimission
THEMIS
Van Allen Probes
TWINS
modeling
Heliophysics System Observatory
magnetic storms and substorms
magnetopause and boundary layers
plasmasphere
ring current
solar wind/magnetosphere interactions

Title: Cross-scale observations of the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm: THEMIS, Van Allen Probes, and TWINS

Citation Formats

References (56)

Cited By (4)

Similar Records

Related Subjects