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Title: Age of Jupiter inferred from the distinct genetics and formation times of meteorites

Abstract

The age of Jupiter, the largest planet in our Solar System, is still unknown. Gas-giant planet formation likely involved the growth of large solid cores, followed by the accumulation of gas onto these cores. Thus, the gas-giant cores must have formed before dissipation of the solar nebula, which likely occurred within less than 10 My after Solar System formation. Although such rapid accretion of the gas-giant cores has successfully been modeled, until now it has not been possible to date their formation. Here, using molybdenum and tungsten isotope measurements on iron meteorites, we demonstrate that meteorites derive from two genetically distinct nebular reservoirs that coexisted and remained spatially separated between ~1 My and ~3–4 My after Solar System formation. The most plausible mechanism for this efficient separation is the formation of Jupiter, opening a gap in the disk and preventing the exchange of material between the two reservoirs. As such, our results indicate that Jupiter’s core grew to ~20 Earth masses within <1 My, followed by a more protracted growth to ~50 Earth masses until at least ~3–4 My after Solar System formation. Furthermore, Jupiter is the oldest planet of the Solar System, and its solid core formed well beforemore » the solar nebula gas dissipated, consistent with the core accretion model for giant planet formation.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]
  1. Univ. of Munster, Muenster (Germany); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Munster, Muenster (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1399762
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-731226
Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: 26; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher:
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; 58 GEOSCIENCES; Jupiter; giant planet formation; nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies; Hf-W chronometry; solar nebula

Citation Formats

Kruijer, Thomas S., Burkhardt, Christoph, Budde, Gerrit, and Kleine, Thorsten. Age of Jupiter inferred from the distinct genetics and formation times of meteorites. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704461114.
Kruijer, Thomas S., Burkhardt, Christoph, Budde, Gerrit, & Kleine, Thorsten. Age of Jupiter inferred from the distinct genetics and formation times of meteorites. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704461114
Kruijer, Thomas S., Burkhardt, Christoph, Budde, Gerrit, and Kleine, Thorsten. 2017. "Age of Jupiter inferred from the distinct genetics and formation times of meteorites". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704461114. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399762.
@article{osti_1399762,
title = {Age of Jupiter inferred from the distinct genetics and formation times of meteorites},
author = {Kruijer, Thomas S. and Burkhardt, Christoph and Budde, Gerrit and Kleine, Thorsten},
abstractNote = {The age of Jupiter, the largest planet in our Solar System, is still unknown. Gas-giant planet formation likely involved the growth of large solid cores, followed by the accumulation of gas onto these cores. Thus, the gas-giant cores must have formed before dissipation of the solar nebula, which likely occurred within less than 10 My after Solar System formation. Although such rapid accretion of the gas-giant cores has successfully been modeled, until now it has not been possible to date their formation. Here, using molybdenum and tungsten isotope measurements on iron meteorites, we demonstrate that meteorites derive from two genetically distinct nebular reservoirs that coexisted and remained spatially separated between ~1 My and ~3–4 My after Solar System formation. The most plausible mechanism for this efficient separation is the formation of Jupiter, opening a gap in the disk and preventing the exchange of material between the two reservoirs. As such, our results indicate that Jupiter’s core grew to ~20 Earth masses within <1 My, followed by a more protracted growth to ~50 Earth masses until at least ~3–4 My after Solar System formation. Furthermore, Jupiter is the oldest planet of the Solar System, and its solid core formed well before the solar nebula gas dissipated, consistent with the core accretion model for giant planet formation.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1704461114},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1399762}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
issn = {0027-8424},
number = 26,
volume = 114,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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Cited by: 346 works
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IDP-like Asteroids Formed Later than 5 Myr After Ca–Al-rich Inclusions
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