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Title: Biomass Conversion

Book ·

Biomass constitutes all the plant matter found on our planet, and is produced directly by photosynthesis, the fundamental engine of life on earth. It is the photosynthetic capability of plants to utilize carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that leads to its designation as a 'carbon neutral' fuel, meaning that it does not introduce new carbon into the atmosphere. This article discusses the life cycle assessments of biomass use and the magnitude of energy captured by photosynthesis in the form of biomass on the planet to appraise approaches to tap this energy to meet the ever-growing demand for energy.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1399345
Report Number(s):
NREL/CH-2700-70217
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Improving Sugar Yields and Reducing Enzyme Loadings in the Deacetylation and Mechanical Refining (DMR) Process through Multistage Disk and Szego Refining and Corresponding Techno-Economic Analysis journal December 2015
The cellulase of Trichoderma viride. Purification, characterization and comparison of all detectable endoglucanases, exoglucanases and beta-glucosidases journal January 1985
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Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Poplar Wood at Room Temperature: Swelling and Incorporation of Nanoparticles journal July 2010
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The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information journal January 2006
Genome-wide screening of the genes required for tolerance to vanillin, which is a potential inhibitor of bioethanol fermentation, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae journal January 2008
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A short review on SSF – an interesting process option for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks journal January 2008
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Stabilization of biomass-derived pyrolysis oils journal May 2010
Cellulose Surface Degradation by a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase and Its Effect on Cellulase Hydrolytic Efficiency journal October 2014
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Regeneration of an n-decanethiol-poisoned nickel catalyst journal September 2007
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Cellulosic alcoholic fermentation using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineered for the production of Clostridium cellulovorans endoglucanase and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera β-glucosidase journal December 2009
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Toward Thermoplastic Lignin Polymers. Part 1. Selective Masking of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Kraft Lignins via Methylation and Oxypropylation Chemistries
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Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 1. Review and Description of Methods
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Rapid Prediction of Solid Wood Lignin Content Using Transmittance Near-Infrared Spectroscopy journal March 2004
Kinetic parameters and mode of action of the cellobiohydrolases produced by Talaromyces emersonii journal November 2001
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Non-Destructive Determination of Lignin Syringyl/Guaiacyl Monomeric Composition in Native Wood by Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy journal February 1998
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Reactions of synthesis gas journal September 1996
A Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Chemical Processes Involved in the Isolation of Klason Lignin journal January 1986
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Lignin biochemistry: Biosynthesis and biodegradation journal January 1990
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Lignin chemistry?past, present and future journal January 1977
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Native Cellulose: A Composite of Two Distinct Crystalline Forms journal January 1984
High-Throughput Screening Techniques for Biomass Conversion journal October 2009
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TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Polysaccharides: Survey of Methods and Applications journal February 2004
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Metabolic Engineering of a Pentose Metabolism Pathway in Ethanologenic Zymomonas mobilis journal January 1995
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Variation in Lignin Content and Composition (Mechanisms of Control and Implications for the Genetic Improvement of Plants) journal January 1996
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Energy production from biomass (part 2): conversion technologies journal May 2002
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Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. I. Alcohols and Phenols journal May 2004
Gene Cloning and Characterization of α-Glucuronidase of Bacillus stearothermophilus No. 236 journal January 2000
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Effect of H2-pressure on the structures of bio-oils from the mild hydropyrolysis of biomass journal January 1993
The Nature of Lignin from Steam Explosion/ Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Softwood: Structural Features and Possible Uses(Scientific Note) journal January 1999
Derivatization Followed by Reductive Cleavage (DFRC Method), a New Method for Lignin Analysis:  Protocol for Analysis of DFRC Monomers journal July 1997
Fractionation of Populus tremuloides at the pilot plant scale: Optimization of steam pretreatment conditions using the STAKE II technology journal January 1991
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Softwoods(Scientific Note) journal January 1999
Syngas Cleanup, Conditioning, and Utilization book March 2011
TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Native Cellulose. The Effect of Oxidation Conditions on Chemical and Crystal Structures of the Water-Insoluble Fractions journal September 2004
Value-adding to cellulosic ethanol: Lignin polymers journal March 2011
The Oriented Structure of Lignin and its Viscoelastic Properties Studied by Static and Dynamic FT-IR Spectroscopy journal August 2003
Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery journal May 2014
A review of the production of ethanol from softwood journal July 2002
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Promising ethanologens for xylose fermentation journal September 1995
The cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414: action on cello-oligosaccharides journal April 1992
Whole plant cell wall characterization using solution-state 2D NMR journal August 2012
Developments in direct thermochemical liquefaction of biomass: 1983-1990 journal May 1991
Genomics of plant cell wall biogenesis journal June 2005
Aspergillus Enzymes Involved in Degradation of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides journal December 2001
Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading journal March 2012
Towards a molecular-level theory of carbohydrate processivity in glycoside hydrolases journal June 2014
Using the Acetyl Bromide Assay To Determine Lignin Concentrations in Herbaceous Plants:  Some Cautionary Notes journal February 1999
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Biomass gasification in a circulating fluidized bed journal February 2004
NMR Studies of Lignins. 4. Investigation of Spruce Lignin by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. journal January 1980
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Oxidation of hardwood kraft-lignin to phenolic derivatives with oxygen as oxidant journal June 2001
Characterization of recombinantE. coli ATCC 11303 (pLOI 297) in the conversion of cellulose and xylose to ethanol journal October 1995
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Highly Efficient Catalytic Activity of Lanthanide(III) Ions for Conversion of Saccharides to 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in Organic Solvents journal January 2000
Optimization of SO2-Catalyzed Steam Pretreatment of Corn Fiber for Ethanol Production journal January 2003
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Acid detergent dispersible lignin in tropical grasses journal May 1994
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Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil journal March 2004
Recent Catalytic Advances in the Chemistry of Substituted Furans from Carbohydrates and in the Ensuing Polymers journal February 2004
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High-throughput microplate technique for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass journal January 2008
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SO2-Catalyzed Steam Explosion of Corn Fiber for Ethanol Production journal January 2002
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Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review journal November 2012
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Levulinic Acid as a Basic Chemical Raw Material journal August 1956
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Biomass Hydropyrolysis in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Reactor journal June 2013
Cellulose dehydration and depolymerization reactions during pyrolysis in the presence of phosphoric acid journal February 1999
Plant cell wall proteomics: the leadership of Arabidopsis thaliana journal January 2013
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The ENZYME database in 2000 journal January 2000
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Characteristics of degraded lignins obtained from steam exploded wheat straw journal November 2004
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Kinetics of Vanillin Production from Kraft Lignin Oxidation journal January 1996
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Pilot Scale Production of Mixed Alcohols from Wood journal January 2014
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A highly efficient dilute alkali deacetylation and mechanical (disc) refining process for the conversion of renewable biomass to lower cost sugars journal January 2014
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TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Cellulose III journal September 2003
Cobalt-Schiff Base Complex Catalyzed Oxidation of Para-Substituted Phenolics. Preparation of Benzoquinones journal April 1995
Characterization of Dicarboxylic Acids for Cellulose Hydrolysis journal June 2001
Rapid determination of lignocellulose by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry journal December 1985
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Droplet-Based Microfluidics Platform for Ultra-High-Throughput Bioprospecting of Cellulolytic Microorganisms journal December 2014
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Chemicals from Biomass: Petrochemical Substitution Options journal June 1981
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Pilot-scale validation of Co-ZSM-5 catalyst performance in the catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapours journal January 2014
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GEOLOGY:The Next Oil Crisis Looms Large--and Perhaps Close journal August 1998
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Lignins: Natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenyl- propanoids journal January 2004
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Functional cloning of an endo-arabinanase from Aspergillus aculeatus and its heterologous expression in A. oryzae and tobacco journal July 2001
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The SWISS-PROT protein knowledgebase and its supplement TrEMBL in 2003 journal January 2003
Recent Development in Chemical Depolymerization of Lignin: A Review journal January 2013
FTIR-ATR-based prediction and modelling of lignin and energy contents reveals independent intra-specific variation of these traits in bioenergy poplars journal January 2011
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Steam explosion of mixed hardwood chips as a biomass pretreatment
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Catalyzed steam gasification of biomass journal October 1979
Distribution of syringyl and guaiacyl moieties in hardwoods as indicated by ultraviolet microscopy journal January 1975
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Investigations on Lignin and Lignification. XXV. Hydrogenation of Milled-Wood Lignins from White Pine and Blue Spruce journal May 1962
Recording Raman spectra from plant cell walls journal April 1986
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Fungal cellulase systems. Comparison of the specificities of the cellobiohydrolases isolated from Penicillium pinophilum and Trichoderma reesei journal August 1989
Kinetic Measurements of Cellulase Activity on Insoluble Substrates Using Disodium 2,2' Bicinchoninate journal September 1998
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The Isolation and Properties of Lignins Obtained by the Acidolysis of Spruce and Aspen Woods in Dioxane–Water Medium journal August 1959
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Engineered microbial systems for enhanced conversion of lignocellulosic biomass journal October 2010
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Structural Characterization of Wheat Straw Lignin as Revealed by Analytical Pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and Reductive Cleavage Methods journal December 2011
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