Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications

Kenik, Edward A.; Busby, Jeremy T.; Gussev, Maxim N.; Maziasz, Philip J.; Hoelzer, David T.; Rowcliffe, Arthur F.; Vitek, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.045

Title: Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications

Abstract

Casting of stainless steels is a promising and cost saving way of directly producing large and complex structures, such a shield modules or divertors for the ITER. Here, a series of modified high-nitrogen cast steels has been developed and characterized. The steels, based on the cast equivalent of 316 composition, have increased N (0.14-0.36%) and Mn (2-5.1%) content; copper was added to one of the heats. Mechanical tests were conducted with non-irradiated and neutron irradiated specimens at 0.7 dpa. It was established that alloying by nitrogen significantly improves the yield stress of non-irradiated steels and the deformation hardening rate. Manganese tended to decrease yield stress, but increased radiation hardening. Furthermore, the role of copper on mechanical properties was negligibly small. Analysis of structure was conducted using SEM-EDS and the nature and compositions of the second phases and inclusions were analyzed in detail. We show that the modified steels, compared to reference material, exhibit significantly reduced elemental inhomogeneity and second phase formation.

Authors:

Kenik, Edward A. ^[1]; Busby, Jeremy T. ^[1]; Gussev, Maxim N. ^[2]; Maziasz, Philip J. ^[1]; Hoelzer, David T. ^[1]; Rowcliffe, Arthur F. ^[1]; Vitek, John M. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Nuclear Fuel and Isotopes Division

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Joint Institute for Computational Sciences (JICS)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1362206

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1396838

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Nuclear Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 483; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS

Citation Formats


                    Kenik, Edward A., Busby, Jeremy T., Gussev, Maxim N., Maziasz, Philip J., Hoelzer, David T., Rowcliffe, Arthur F., and Vitek, John M. Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.045.

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                    Kenik, Edward A., Busby, Jeremy T., Gussev, Maxim N., Maziasz, Philip J., Hoelzer, David T., Rowcliffe, Arthur F., & Vitek, John M. Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.045

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                    Kenik, Edward A., Busby, Jeremy T., Gussev, Maxim N., Maziasz, Philip J., Hoelzer, David T., Rowcliffe, Arthur F., and Vitek, John M. 2016.  
        "Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.045.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1362206.

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@article{osti_1362206,

  title        = {Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications},

  author       = {Kenik, Edward A. and Busby, Jeremy T. and Gussev, Maxim N. and Maziasz, Philip J. and Hoelzer, David T. and Rowcliffe, Arthur F. and Vitek, John M.},

  abstractNote = {Casting of stainless steels is a promising and cost saving way of directly producing large and complex structures, such a shield modules or divertors for the ITER. Here, a series of modified high-nitrogen cast steels has been developed and characterized. The steels, based on the cast equivalent of 316 composition, have increased N (0.14-0.36%) and Mn (2-5.1%) content; copper was added to one of the heats. Mechanical tests were conducted with non-irradiated and neutron irradiated specimens at 0.7 dpa. It was established that alloying by nitrogen significantly improves the yield stress of non-irradiated steels and the deformation hardening rate. Manganese tended to decrease yield stress, but increased radiation hardening. Furthermore, the role of copper on mechanical properties was negligibly small. Analysis of structure was conducted using SEM-EDS and the nature and compositions of the second phases and inclusions were analyzed in detail. We show that the modified steels, compared to reference material, exhibit significantly reduced elemental inhomogeneity and second phase formation.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.10.045},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1362206},
  journal      = {Journal of Nuclear Materials},

  issn         = {0022-3115},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 483,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Thu Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Similar Records

Title: Structure and mechanical properties of improved cast stainless steels for nuclear applications

Abstract

Citation Formats

A Review of the Stages of Work Hardening journal, September 1993

Economic benefits of advanced materials in nuclear power systems journal, July 2009

Damage and dynamic strain aging in a thermal aged cast duplex stainless steel journal, May 2004

Irradiation response of delta ferrite in as-cast and thermally aged cast stainless steel journal, November 2015

High-Interstitial Stainless Austenitic Steel Castings journal, August 2012

Development of high performance cast stainless steels for ITER shield module applications journal, October 2011

Surface-layer microstructure control for metastable austenitic stainless steel to prevent hydrogen permeation journal, May 2010

A new high-molybdenum, high-nitrogen stainless steel journal, January 1992

Effect of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Properties of the Stable Austenitic Stainless Steel. journal, January 1994

Overview: high-nitrogen alloying of stainless steels journal, March 1996

Influence of hot forging and alloying with Al on the electrochemical behavior and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel journal, May 2014

Miniature tensile test specimens for fusion reactor irradiation studies journal, January 1985

Analysis of tensile deformation and failure in austenitic stainless steels: Part II – Irradiation dose dependence journal, January 2010

Plastic instability in polycrystalline metals after low temperature irradiation journal, April 2004

Stress-strain relations of irradiated stainless steels below 673 K journal, September 1992

Description of strain hardening behavior in neutron-irradiated fcc metals journal, August 2012

Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source journal, January 2016

Effect of copper on the formation of strain-induced martensite in two austenitic stainless steels AISI 304 journal, January 2015

Magnetic properties of SUS 304 austenitic stainless steel after tensile deformation at elevated temperatures journal, May 2005

On the stress dependence of partial dislocation separation and deformation microstructure in austenitic stainless steels journal, June 2003

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Conditions on Stacking Fault Energy for Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel journal, August 2013

Correlation between stacking fault energy and deformation microstructure in high-interstitial-alloyed austenitic steels journal, May 2010

Stacking fault energy of cryogenic austenitic steels journal, May 2002

Development of high manganese high nitrogen low activation austenitic stainless steels journal, November 1986

Work-hardening behaviour of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels journal, August 1991

Influence of nitrogen and grain size on deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels journal, July 1997

Competing mechanisms and modeling of deformation in austenitic stainless steel single crystals with and without nitrogen journal, November 2001

The microstructure and associated tensile properties of irradiated fcc and bcc metals journal, January 2000

Simulation of polycrystal deformation with grain and grain boundary effects journal, September 2011

Crack initiation behavior of neutron irradiated model and commercial stainless steels in high temperature water journal, January 2014

Effects of oversized solutes on radiation-induced segregation in austenitic stainless steels journal, May 2009

Radiation-Hardening and Recovery in Mild Steels and the Effects of Interstitial Nitrogen journal, January 1970

A Review of the Stages of Work Hardening
journal, September 1993

Economic benefits of advanced materials in nuclear power systems
journal, July 2009

Damage and dynamic strain aging in a thermal aged cast duplex stainless steel
journal, May 2004

Irradiation response of delta ferrite in as-cast and thermally aged cast stainless steel
journal, November 2015

High-Interstitial Stainless Austenitic Steel Castings
journal, August 2012

Development of high performance cast stainless steels for ITER shield module applications
journal, October 2011

Surface-layer microstructure control for metastable austenitic stainless steel to prevent hydrogen permeation
journal, May 2010

A new high-molybdenum, high-nitrogen stainless steel
journal, January 1992

Effect of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Properties of the Stable Austenitic Stainless Steel.
journal, January 1994

Overview: high-nitrogen alloying of stainless steels
journal, March 1996

Influence of hot forging and alloying with Al on the electrochemical behavior and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel
journal, May 2014

Miniature tensile test specimens for fusion reactor irradiation studies
journal, January 1985

Analysis of tensile deformation and failure in austenitic stainless steels: Part II – Irradiation dose dependence
journal, January 2010

Plastic instability in polycrystalline metals after low temperature irradiation
journal, April 2004

Stress-strain relations of irradiated stainless steels below 673 K
journal, September 1992

Description of strain hardening behavior in neutron-irradiated fcc metals
journal, August 2012

Analysis of structure and deformation behavior of AISI 316L tensile specimens from the second operational target module at the Spallation Neutron Source
journal, January 2016

Effect of copper on the formation of strain-induced martensite in two austenitic stainless steels AISI 304
journal, January 2015

Magnetic properties of SUS 304 austenitic stainless steel after tensile deformation at elevated temperatures
journal, May 2005

On the stress dependence of partial dislocation separation and deformation microstructure in austenitic stainless steels
journal, June 2003

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Conditions on Stacking Fault Energy for Fe-Cr-Ni Austenitic Stainless Steel
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Correlation between stacking fault energy and deformation microstructure in high-interstitial-alloyed austenitic steels
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Stacking fault energy of cryogenic austenitic steels
journal, May 2002

Development of high manganese high nitrogen low activation austenitic stainless steels
journal, November 1986

Work-hardening behaviour of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steels
journal, August 1991

Influence of nitrogen and grain size on deformation behaviour of austenitic stainless steels
journal, July 1997

Competing mechanisms and modeling of deformation in austenitic stainless steel single crystals with and without nitrogen
journal, November 2001

The microstructure and associated tensile properties of irradiated fcc and bcc metals
journal, January 2000

Simulation of polycrystal deformation with grain and grain boundary effects
journal, September 2011

Crack initiation behavior of neutron irradiated model and commercial stainless steels in high temperature water
journal, January 2014

Effects of oversized solutes on radiation-induced segregation in austenitic stainless steels
journal, May 2009

Radiation-Hardening and Recovery in Mild Steels and the Effects of Interstitial Nitrogen
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