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Title: Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization

Abstract

Here we report our studies to compare energy consumption of a CDI cell in constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) operations, with a focus on understanding the underlying physics of consumption patterns. The comparison is conducted under conditions that the CV and CC operations result in the same amounts of input charge and within identical charging phase durations. We present two electrical circuit models to simulate energy consumption in charging phase: one is a simple RC circuit model, and the other a transmission line circuit model. We built and tested a CDI cell to validate the transmission line model, and performed a series of experiments to compare CV versus CC operation under the condition of equal applied charge and charging duration. The experiments show that CC mode consumes energy at 33.8 kJ per mole of ions removed, which is only 28% of CV mode energy consumption (120.6 kJ/mol), but achieves similar level of salt removals. Lastly, together, the models and experiment support our major conclusion that CC is more energy efficient than CV for equal charge and charging duration. The models also suggest that the lower energy consumption of CC in charging is due to its lower resistive dissipation.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [2]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
  4. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
  5. Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1341989
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1396557
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-694380
Journal ID: ISSN 0011-9164
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; 15-ERD-068
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Desalination
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 400; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0011-9164
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; Capacitive deionization; Energy consumption; Constant current and constant voltage

Citation Formats

Qu, Yatian, Campbell, Patrick G., Gu, Lei, Knipe, Jennifer M., Dzenitis, Ella, Santiago, Juan G., and Stadermann, Michael. Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.014.
Qu, Yatian, Campbell, Patrick G., Gu, Lei, Knipe, Jennifer M., Dzenitis, Ella, Santiago, Juan G., & Stadermann, Michael. Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.014
Qu, Yatian, Campbell, Patrick G., Gu, Lei, Knipe, Jennifer M., Dzenitis, Ella, Santiago, Juan G., and Stadermann, Michael. 2016. "Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.014. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1341989.
@article{osti_1341989,
title = {Energy consumption analysis of constant voltage and constant current operations in capacitive deionization},
author = {Qu, Yatian and Campbell, Patrick G. and Gu, Lei and Knipe, Jennifer M. and Dzenitis, Ella and Santiago, Juan G. and Stadermann, Michael},
abstractNote = {Here we report our studies to compare energy consumption of a CDI cell in constant voltage (CV) and constant current (CC) operations, with a focus on understanding the underlying physics of consumption patterns. The comparison is conducted under conditions that the CV and CC operations result in the same amounts of input charge and within identical charging phase durations. We present two electrical circuit models to simulate energy consumption in charging phase: one is a simple RC circuit model, and the other a transmission line circuit model. We built and tested a CDI cell to validate the transmission line model, and performed a series of experiments to compare CV versus CC operation under the condition of equal applied charge and charging duration. The experiments show that CC mode consumes energy at 33.8 kJ per mole of ions removed, which is only 28% of CV mode energy consumption (120.6 kJ/mol), but achieves similar level of salt removals. Lastly, together, the models and experiment support our major conclusion that CC is more energy efficient than CV for equal charge and charging duration. The models also suggest that the lower energy consumption of CC in charging is due to its lower resistive dissipation.},
doi = {10.1016/j.desal.2016.09.014},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1341989}, journal = {Desalination},
issn = {0011-9164},
number = C,
volume = 400,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Sep 21 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Wed Sep 21 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

Journal Article:

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Cited by: 106 works
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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Exceptional Water Desalination Performance with Anion-Selective Electrodes
journal, January 2019


Electrokinetic desalination of brackish water and associated challenges in the water and energy nexus
journal, January 2018


A multiscale-pore ion exchange membrane for better energy efficiency
journal, January 2018


Capacitive deionization using symmetric carbon electrode pairs
journal, January 2019


Constant chemical potential cycles for capacitive deionization
journal, January 2019


Selective ion separation by capacitive deionization (CDI) based technologies: a state-of-the-art review
journal, January 2020


The efficient faradaic Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 @C electrode exceeds the membrane capacitive desalination performance
journal, January 2019


Maximizing Volumetric Removal Capacity in Capacitive Deionization by Adjusting Electrode Thickness and Charging Mode
journal, January 2018


The Role of Ion Exchange Membranes in Membrane Capacitive Deionisation
journal, September 2017