Black silicon: fabrication methods, properties and solar energy applications

Liu, Xiaogang; Coxon, Paul R.; Peters, Marius; Hoex, Bram; Cole, Jacqueline M.; Fray, Derek J.

doi:10.1039/C4EE01152J

Title: Black silicon: fabrication methods, properties and solar energy applications

Journal Article · Mon Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE01152J· OSTI ID:1396263

Liu, Xiaogang ^[1]; Coxon, Paul R. ^[2]; Peters, Marius ^[3]; Hoex, Bram ^[3]; Cole, Jacqueline M. ^[4]; Fray, Derek J. ^[2]

Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab., Dept. of Physics; National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore). Solar Energy Research Inst. of Singapore (SERIS)
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy
National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore). Solar Energy Research Inst. of Singapore (SERIS)
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab., Dept. of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Black silicon (BSi) represents a very active research area in renewable energy materials. The rise of BSi as a focus of study for its fundamental properties and potentially lucrative practical applications is shown by several recent results ranging from solar cells and light-emitting devices to antibacterial coatings and gas-sensors. Here in this article, the common BSi fabrication techniques are first reviewed, including electrochemical HF etching, stain etching, metal-assisted chemical etching, reactive ion etching, laser irradiation and the molten salt Fray-Farthing-Chen-Cambridge (FFC-Cambridge) process. The utilization of BSi as an anti-reflection coating in solar cells is then critically examined and appraised, based upon strategies towards higher efficiency renewable solar energy modules. Methods of incorporating BSi in advanced solar cell architectures and the production of ultra-thin and flexible BSi wafers are also surveyed. Particular attention is given to routes leading to passivated BSi surfaces, which are essential for improving the electrical properties of any devices incorporating BSi, with a special focus on atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃. Finally, three potential research directions worth exploring for practical solar cell applications are highlighted, namely, encapsulation effects, the development of micro-nano dual-scale BSi, and the incorporation of BSi into thin solar cells. It is intended that this paper will serve as a useful introduction to this novel material and its properties, and provide a general overview of recent progress in research currently being undertaken for renewable energy applications.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom); National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National University of Singapore (NUS); Singapore Economic Development Board (SEDB); Fulbright Commission

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1396263

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 7, Issue 10; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 338 works

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Silicon: toward eco-friendly reduction techniques for lithium-ion battery applications Zhu, Guanjia; Luo, Wei; Wang, Lianjun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08554h	journal	January 2019
Understanding the optics of industrial black silicon Payne, David; Fung, Tsun Hang; Khan, Muhammad Umair SILICONPV 2018, THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5049297	conference	January 2018
Model for black silicon formation just from surface temperature non-uniformities Gaudig, Maria; Maiberg, Matthias; Plapp, Mathis Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5050891	journal	December 2018
Auto-Masked Surface Texturing of Kerf-Loss Free Silicon Wafers Using Hexafluoroisopropanol in a Capacitively Coupled Plasma Etching System Kim, Suhyun; Park, Jin-Su; Kim, Jun-Hyun ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0091904jss	journal	January 2019
Convergent evolution of super black plumage near bright color in 15 bird families McCoy, Dakota E.; Prum, Richard O. Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 222, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.208140	journal	September 2019
Greatly Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells via Metal Oxide Zhou, Lingling; Xiao, Lufei; Yang, Hai Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8070505	journal	July 2018
Minimization of Optical Reflectance by Copper Assisted Etching of Crystalline Silicon Surface Treideris, Marius; Rėza, Alfonsas; Kamarauskas, Mindaugas physica status solidi (a), Vol. 215, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201700600	journal	January 2018
Black silicon significantly enhances phosphorus diffusion gettering Pasanen, Toni P.; Laine, Hannu S.; Vähänissi, Ville Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20494-y	journal	January 2018
Tailoring the Charge Transport Properties of Printable Si‐NCs By Conjugated Organic Ligands Makhdoom, Muhammad Atif; Sgobba, Vito; Khanzada, Laraib S. physica status solidi (a), Vol. 216, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900040	journal	April 2019
Maskless inverted pyramid texturization of silicon Wang, Yan; Yang, Lixia; Liu, Yaoping Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10843	journal	June 2015
TiO2 Self-Assembled, Thin-Walled Nanotube Arrays for Photonic Applications David, Christin Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081332	journal	April 2019
Structural and light trapping properties of nanoporous silicon micro-pyramid patterns encrusted with silver nanoparticles Lahlouh, Bashar; Al-Husseini, Ammar; Eniyazi, Aminah Applied Nanoscience, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01054-w	journal	May 2019
Photolithographic nanoseeding method for selective synthesis of metal-catalysed nanostructures Marques-Hueso, J.; Morton, J. A. S.; Wang, Xiangfu Nanotechnology, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aae795	journal	October 2018
Economic Advantages of Dry-Etched Black Silicon in Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC) Photovoltaic Manufacturing Modanese, Chiara; Laine, Hannu; Pasanen, Toni Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11092337	journal	September 2018

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