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Title: Observation of a large-scale anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 × 10 18 eV

Journal Article · · Science

We report that cosmic rays are atomic nuclei arriving from outer space that reach the highest energies observed in nature. Clues to their origin come from studying the distribution of their arrival directions. Using $$3 \times 10^4$$ cosmic rays above $$8 \times 10^{18}$$ electron volts, recorded with the Pierre Auger Observatory from a total exposure of 76,800 square kilometers steradian year, we report an anisotropy in the arrival directions. The anisotropy, detected at more than the 5.2$$\sigma$$ level of significance, can be described by a dipole with an amplitude of $$6.5_{-0.9}^{+1.3}$$% towards right ascension $$\alpha_{d} = 100 \pm 10$$ degrees and declination $$\delta_{d} = -24_{-13}^{+12}$$ degrees. Lastly, that direction indicates an extragalactic origin for these ultra-high energy particles.

Research Organization:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
The Pierre Auger Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11359
OSTI ID:
1395473
Report Number(s):
FERMILAB-PUB-17-354; arXiv:1709.07321; 1624662
Journal Information:
Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6357; ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAASCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 167 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Deriving global structure of the Galactic Magnetic Field from Faraday Rotation Measures of extragalactic sources text January 2011
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Constraints on the origin of cosmic rays above $10^{18}$ eV from large scale anisotropy searches in data of the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2012
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Galactic Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy in the Northern Hemisphere from the ARGO-YBJ Experiment during 2008–2012 journal July 2018
Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy journal June 2019
Magnetic Field Tomography in Two Clouds toward Ursa Major Using H i Fibers journal March 2019
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from shocks in the lobes of powerful radio galaxies text January 2019
Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
Russian–German Astroparticle Data Life Cycle Initiative text January 2018
Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions as the Origin of Very High-energy γ -Rays from BL Lacertae Objects journal February 2020
All-Sky Measurement of the Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays at 10 TeV and Mapping of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field text January 2019
The Behaviour of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Intensity During Solar Activity Cycle 24 journal January 2019
Searching for All-scale Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above the Ankle journal August 2018
Fornax A, Centaurus A, and other radio galaxies as sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays text January 2018
Limits on point-like sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with the Pierre Auger Observatory journal November 2019
A unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter: Negative masses and matter creation within a modified ΛCDM framework journal December 2018
Enhancing the cosmic-ray mass sensitivity of air-shower arrays by combining radio and muon detectors text January 2019
Fornax A, Centaurus A, and other radio galaxies as sources of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays journal June 2018
Large- and Medium-scale Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays Observed with KASCADE-Grande journal November 2019
Filaments of galaxies as a clue to the origin of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays journal January 2019
Search for ultra high-energy cosmic rays from radiogalaxy Virgo A journal January 2019
A Search for Cosmic-Ray Proton Anisotropy with the Fermi Large Area Telescope collection January 2019
Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary journal January 2020
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei journal November 2019
Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory journal October 2019
James Watson Cronin. 29 September 1931 — 25 August 2016 journal September 2018
A Search for Cosmic-Ray Proton Anisotropy with the Fermi Large Area Telescope journal September 2019
Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory journal April 2019
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies journal June 2019
An Upper Limit on the Strength of the Extragalactic Magnetic Field from Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy journal June 2018
Time-dependent galactic winds: II. Effects of boundary variations in the disc and galactic halo journal September 2019
Cosmic rays escaping from Galactic starburst-driven superbubbles journal January 2020
Precursor Wave Amplification by Ion–Electron Coupling through Wakefield in Relativistic Shocks text January 2019
Precursor Wave Amplification by Ion–Electron Coupling through Wakefield in Relativistic Shocks journal September 2019
Fifty Years of Energy Extraction from Rotating Black Hole: Revisiting Magnetic Penrose Process journal May 2019
Long-lived particles at the energy frontier: the MATHUSLA physics case journal October 2019
Enhancing the cosmic-ray mass sensitivity of air-shower arrays by combining radio and muon detectors journal April 2019
Russian–German Astroparticle Data Life Cycle Initiative text January 2018
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies text January 2019
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models journal March 2019
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and design journal August 2019
IMAGINE: a comprehensive view of the interstellar medium, Galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays journal August 2018
Simulations of extragalactic magnetic fields and of their observables journal November 2017
Search for Large-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction of Cosmic Rays with KASCADE-Grande journal January 2019
All-sky Measurement of the Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays at 10 TeV and Mapping of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field journal January 2019
Air shower observation by a simple structured Fresnel lens telescope with a single pixel for the next generation of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray observatories journal April 2019
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from radio galaxies journal February 2018
A Search for Cosmic-Ray Proton Anisotropy with the Fermi Large Area Telescope text January 2019
Observation of Anisotropy of TeV Cosmic Rays with Two Years of HAWC journal September 2018
Ultrahigh energy cosmic rays from shocks in the lobes of powerful radio galaxies journal October 2018
All-Sky Measurement of the Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays at 10 TeV and Mapping of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field text January 2018
Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy text January 2019
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models text January 2019
A Quasi-static Hyper-resistive Model of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-ray Acceleration by Magnetically Collimated Jets Created by Active Galactic Nuclei journal October 2019
A New View on Auger Data and Cosmogenic Neutrinos in Light of Different Nuclear Disintegration and Air-shower Models conference July 2021
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies text January 2019
Acceleration of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in starburst superwinds text January 2018
IMAGINE: A comprehensive view of the interstellar medium, Galactic magnetic fields and cosmic rays text January 2018
Searching for All-Scale Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays above the Ankle text January 2018
Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case text January 2018
Neutrino emission from the direction of the blazar TXS 0506+056 prior to the IceCube-170922A alert text January 2018
Magnetic field tomography in two clouds towards Ursa Major using HI fibers text January 2018
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND): Science and Design text January 2018
Search for ultra high energy cosmic rays from radiogalaxy Virgo A text January 2018
The behaviour of galactic cosmic ray intensity during solar activity cycle 24 text January 2018
Filaments of Galaxies as a Clue to the Origin of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays text January 2019
Cosmic rays escaping from Galactic starburst-driven superbubbles text January 2019
Bottom-up Acceleration of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays in the Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei text January 2019
Enhancing the cosmic-ray mass sensitivity of air-shower arrays by combining radio and muon detectors text January 2019
Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory text January 2019
Large- and Medium-Scale Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays observed with KASCADE-Grande text January 2019
Gravitational slingshots around black holes in a binary text January 2020

Figures / Tables (10)


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