Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5

Li, Zhenglong; Lepore, Andrew W.; Salazar, Mariam F.; Foo, Guo Shiou; Davison, Brian H.; Wu, Zili; Narula, Chaitanya Kumar

doi:10.1039/C7GC01188A

Title: Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5

Abstract

Selective conversion of bio-derived ethanol to benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) is desirable for producing renewable BTX. Here in this work, we show that addition of Ga to H-ZSM-5 leads to two-fold increase in the BTX yield as compared with H-ZSM-5 when ethanol is converted over these zeolites at 450 °C and ambient pressure. Besides promoting BTX formation, Ga also plays an important role in enhancing molecular hydrogen production and suppressing hydrogen transfer reactions for light alkane formation. The ion exchange synthesis of Ga-ZSM-5 results in the majority of Ga at the outer surface of zeolite crystals as extra-zeolitic Ga₂O₃ particles and only a small fraction of Ga exchanging with the Brønsted acid sites which appears to be responsible for higher ethanol conversion to BTX. The interface between H-ZSM-5 and Ga₂O₃ particles is not active since H-ZSM-5 and physical mixture of β-Ga₂O₃/H-ZSM-5 furnish almost identical product distribution. Hydrogen reduction of the physical mixtures facilitates movement of Ga to ion exchange locations and dramatically increases BTX yield becoming comparable to those obtained over ion-exchanged Ga-ZSM-5, suggesting that exchanged Ga(III) cations are responsible for the increased BTX production. Linear correlation between BTX site time yield and exchanged Ga sites further confirms thatmore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Lepore, Andrew W. ^[2]; Salazar, Mariam F. ^[3];

^[4];

^[5];

^[6];

^[2]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Energy & Transportation Sciences Division
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioSciences Division
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science (CNMS)

Publication Date:: Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1394295

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: Green Chemistry

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 1463-9262

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 09 BIOMASS FUELS

Citation Formats


                    Li, Zhenglong, Lepore, Andrew W., Salazar, Mariam F., Foo, Guo Shiou, Davison, Brian H., Wu, Zili, and Narula, Chaitanya Kumar. Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
        Web.  doi:10.1039/C7GC01188A.

Copy to clipboard


                    Li, Zhenglong, Lepore, Andrew W., Salazar, Mariam F., Foo, Guo Shiou, Davison, Brian H., Wu, Zili, & Narula, Chaitanya Kumar. Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01188A

Copy to clipboard


                    Li, Zhenglong, Lepore, Andrew W., Salazar, Mariam F., Foo, Guo Shiou, Davison, Brian H., Wu, Zili, and Narula, Chaitanya Kumar. 2017.  
        "Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01188A.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1394295,

  title        = {Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5},

  author       = {Li, Zhenglong and Lepore, Andrew W. and Salazar, Mariam F. and Foo, Guo Shiou and Davison, Brian H. and Wu, Zili and Narula, Chaitanya Kumar},

  abstractNote = {Selective conversion of bio-derived ethanol to benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) is desirable for producing renewable BTX. Here in this work, we show that addition of Ga to H-ZSM-5 leads to two-fold increase in the BTX yield as compared with H-ZSM-5 when ethanol is converted over these zeolites at 450 °C and ambient pressure. Besides promoting BTX formation, Ga also plays an important role in enhancing molecular hydrogen production and suppressing hydrogen transfer reactions for light alkane formation. The ion exchange synthesis of Ga-ZSM-5 results in the majority of Ga at the outer surface of zeolite crystals as extra-zeolitic Ga2O3 particles and only a small fraction of Ga exchanging with the Brønsted acid sites which appears to be responsible for higher ethanol conversion to BTX. The interface between H-ZSM-5 and Ga2O3 particles is not active since H-ZSM-5 and physical mixture of β-Ga2O3/H-ZSM-5 furnish almost identical product distribution. Hydrogen reduction of the physical mixtures facilitates movement of Ga to ion exchange locations and dramatically increases BTX yield becoming comparable to those obtained over ion-exchanged Ga-ZSM-5, suggesting that exchanged Ga(III) cations are responsible for the increased BTX production. Linear correlation between BTX site time yield and exchanged Ga sites further confirms that Ga occupying cationic sites are active sites for enhancing BTX formation. Reduction of physical mixtures (β-Ga2O3/H-ZSM-5) also provides an economical and environmentally friendly non-aqueous method for large scale catalyst synthesis without sacrificing catalyst performance for ethanol conversion application.},

  doi          = {10.1039/C7GC01188A},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1394295},
  journal      = {Green Chemistry},

  issn         = {1463-9262},

  number       = 18,

  volume       = 19,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01188A

Other availability

Find in Google Scholar

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Transformation of butanes over ZSM-5 zeolites. Part 2.—Formation of aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn-ZSM-5 and Ga-ZSM-5
journal, January 1991

Ono, Yoshio; Kanae, Kunihiko
J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., Vol. 87, Issue 4
https://doi.org/10.1039/FT9918700669

Aromatization of dilute ethylene over Ga-modified ZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts
journal, October 2001

Choudhary, Vasant R.; Devadas, Panjala; Banerjee, Subhabrata
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 47, Issue 2-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1811(01)00385-7

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to Chemicals
journal, March 2014

Sun, Junming; Wang, Yong
ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 4
https://doi.org/10.1021/cs4011343

Technological trends, global market, and challenges of bio-ethanol production
journal, November 2010

Mussatto, Solange I.; Dragone, Giuliano; Guimarães, Pedro M. R.
Biotechnology Advances, Vol. 28, Issue 6
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.07.001

The Hydrocarbon Pool in Ethanol-to-Gasoline over HZSM-5 Catalysts
journal, November 2008

Johansson, Roger; Hruby, Sarah L.; Rass-Hansen, Jeppe
Catalysis Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-008-9711-2

Catalytic dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene over TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in microchannel reactors
journal, July 2007

Chen, Guangwen; Li, Shulian; Jiao, Fengjun
Catalysis Today, Vol. 125, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.071

Structure and function of metal cations in light alkane reactions catalyzed by modified H-ZSM5
journal, December 1996

Biscardi, Joseph A.; Iglesia, Enrique
Catalysis Today, Vol. 31, Issue 3-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00028-4

One-step catalytic conversion of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene using zinc-containing talc
journal, August 2015

Sekiguchi, Yasumasa; Akiyama, Sohta; Urakawa, Wataru
Catalysis Communications, Vol. 68
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2015.04.023

Microkinetic modeling of propane aromatization over HZSM-5
journal, October 2005

Bhan, A.; Hsu, S.; Blau, G.
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 235, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2005.07.005

1-Butanol synthesis from ethanol over strontium phosphate hydroxyapatite catalysts with various Sr/P ratios
journal, December 2012

Ogo, Shuhei; Onda, Ayumu; Iwasa, Yukina
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 296
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.08.019

Influence of Zn- and Ga-doping on the conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5
journal, January 1992

Saha, S. K.; Sivasanker, S.
Catalysis Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 4
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00769166

Ga2O3/HZSM-5 propane aromatization catalysts: Formation of active centers via solid-state reaction
journal, November 1990

Price, G.
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 126, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(90)90065-R

Catalyst Deactivation by Coke in the Transformation of Aqueous Ethanol into Hydrocarbons. Kinetic Modeling and Acidity Deterioration of the Catalyst
journal, August 2002

Aguayo, Andres T.; Gayubo, Ana G.; Atutxa, Alaitz
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 41, Issue 17
https://doi.org/10.1021/ie020068i

Selective synthesis of 1-butanol from ethanol over strontium phosphate hydroxyapatite catalysts
journal, July 2011

Ogo, Shuhei; Onda, Ayumu; Yanagisawa, Kazumichi
Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 402, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.06.006

Nonoxidative Activation of Methane
journal, January 2003

Choudhary, Tushar V.; Aksoylu, Erhan; Wayne Goodman, D.
Catalysis Reviews, Vol. 45, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1081/CR-120017010

A descriptor for the relative propagation of the aromatic- and olefin-based cycles in methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion on H-ZSM-5
journal, July 2013

Ilias, Samia; Khare, Rachit; Malek, Andre
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 303
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2013.03.021

Reaction of ethanol over hydroxyapatite affected by Ca/P ratio of catalyst
journal, October 2008

Tsuchida, T.; Kubo, J.; Yoshioka, T.
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 259, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2008.08.005

On reaction pathways in the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons on HZSM-5
journal, August 2014

Sun, Xianyong; Mueller, Sebastian; Liu, Yue
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 317, p. 185-197
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2014.06.017

Catalytic study of the conversion of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene
journal, December 2012

Makshina, E. V.; Janssens, W.; Sels, B. F.
Catalysis Today, Vol. 198, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2012.05.031

Heterobimetallic Zeolite, InV-ZSM-5, Enables Efficient Conversion of Biomass Derived Ethanol to Renewable Hydrocarbons
journal, November 2015

Narula, Chaitanya K.; Li, Zhenglong; Casbeer, Erik M.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16039

Decomposition and Aromatization of Ethanol on ZSM-Based Catalysts
journal, November 2006

Barthos, R.; Széchenyi, A.; Solymosi, F.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 43
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp063522v

Catalytic transformation of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene
journal, September 2014

Jones, Matthew D.
Chemistry Central Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-014-0053-4

Catalytic Conversion of Propane to Aromatics: Effects of Adding Ga and/or Pt to HZSM-5
journal, October 1994

Kwak, B. S.; Sachtler, W. M. H.; Haag, W. O.
Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 149, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1994.1313

Structure of Mo ₂ C _x and Mo ₄ C _x Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles and Their Anchoring Sites on ZSM-5 Zeolites
journal, February 2014

Gao, Jie; Zheng, Yiteng; Fitzgerald, George B.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 9
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4106053

Reprint of “Ethanol to higher hydrocarbons over Ni, Ga, Fe-modified ZSM-5: Effect of metal content”
journal, September 2015

Van der Borght, Kristof; Galvita, Vladimir V.; Marin, Guy B.
Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 504
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.06.034

Ethanol transformation into hydrocarbons on ZSM-5 zeolites: Influence of Si/Al ratio on catalytic performances and deactivation rate. Study of the radical species role
journal, November 2012

Ferreira Madeira, Filipa; Ben Tayeb, Karima; Pinard, Ludovic
Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 443-444
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.07.037

Aromatization of ethanol on Mo2C/ZSM catalysts
journal, August 2006

Széchényi, A.; Barthos, R.; Solymosi, F.
Catalysis Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-006-0089-8

Aromatization of propene and n-butene over H-galloaluminosilicate (ZSM-5 type) zeolite
journal, May 2002

Choudhary, Vasant R.; Panjala, Devadas; Banerjee, Subhabrata
Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 231, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00061-3

Organometallic model complexes elucidate the active gallium species in alkane dehydrogenation catalysts based on ligand effects in Ga K-edge XANES
journal, January 2016

Getsoian, Andrew “Bean”; Das, Ujjal; Camacho-Bunquin, Jeffrey
Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 16
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CY00698A

Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel
journal, November 2009

Balat, Mustafa; Balat, Havva
Applied Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 11
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.015

Cracking of n-heptane over Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid Ga sites in ZSM-5 zeolite
journal, April 2008

Rane, N.; Kersbulck, M.; van Santen, R. A.
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 110, Issue 2-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.06.014

Catalytic dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene: Pilot-scale studies and process simulation
journal, December 2011

Kagyrmanova, A. P.; Chumachenko, V. A.; Korotkikh, V. N.
Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 176-177
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.049

Effect of H2–O2 pre-treatments on the state of gallium in Ga/H-ZSM-5 propane aromatisation catalysts
journal, September 2003

Nowak, I.
Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 251, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00299-0

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

Effects of Zeolite Structure And Composition on the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate By Oxidative Carbonylation of Methanol on Cu-Exchanged Y, ZSM-5, And Mordenite

Journal Article Zhang, Y; Briggs, D; Smit, E; ... - J. Cat. 251:443,2007

The aim of this work was to establish the effects of zeolite structure/chemical composition on the activity and selectivity of Cu-exchanged Y (Si/Al = 2.5), ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 12), and Mordenite (Si/Al = 10) for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to DMC. Catalysts were prepared by solid-state ion-exchange of the H-form of each zeolite with CuCl and were then characterized by FTIR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XANES portion of the XAS data showed that all of the copper was present as Cu{sup +} cations, and analysis of the EXAFS portion of the data shows the Cu{sup +} cationsmore »« less
Selective reduction of nitric oxide with methane on gallium and indium containing H-ZSM-5 catalysts: Formation of active sites by solid-state ion exchange

Journal Article Kikuchi, E; Ogura, M; Terasaki, I; ... - Journal of Catalysis

H-ZSM-5 catalysts containing Ga and In were prepared by the ion-exchange method and by physically mixing H-ZSM-5 and Ca{sub 2}O{sub 3} or In{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and they were used in the NO reduction with methane to determine the active species of these metals, particularly of In, for this reaction. Ga-loaded H-ZSM-5 prepared by the ion-exchange method gave a higher catalytic activity than the physical mixture of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} and H-ZSM-5, of which the catalytic activity was comparable to that of H-ZSM-5. On the contrary, both ion-exchange and physical mixing methods yielded equally high catalytic activities of In-loaded H-ZSM-5. Themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1996.0205
An {sup 18}O{sub 2} temperature-programmed isotope exchange study of transition-metal-containing ZSM-5 zeolites used for oxydehydrogenation of ethane

Journal Article Chang, Y; Somorjai, G; Heinemann, H - Journal of Catalysis

The oxydehydrogenation of ethane was studied over a number of transition-metal-containing ZSM-5 catalysts, e.g., Co-H-ZSM-5, Cu-Na-ZSM-5, Nb-ZSM-5, and V-ZSM-5. It has been shown that the introduction of transition metal cations into ZSM-5 zeolite, either as charge balancing cations (Co{sup 2+}, Nb{sup 5+}) or as lattice cation (V{sup 5+}), enhances the activity and selectivity of the catalysts for the oxydehydrogenation of ethane. The {sup 18}O{sub 2} temperature-programmed isotope exchange technique was used to probe the likely active sites on the catalysts. It was demonstrated that the introduction of transition metal cations results in the formation of active sites responsible for themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1995.1142
Heterobimetallic zeolite, InV-ZSM-5, enables efficient conversion of biomass derived ethanol to renewable hydrocarbons

Journal Article Narula, Chaitanya; Li, Zhenglong; Casbeer, Erik; ... - Scientific Reports

Direct catalytic conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbon blend-stock can increase biofuels use in current vehicles beyond the ethanol blend-wall of 10–15%. Literature reports describe quantitative conversion of ethanol over zeolite catalysts but high C₂ hydrocarbon formation renders this approach unsuitable for commercialization. Furthermore, the prior mechanistic studies suggested that ethanol conversion involves endothermic dehydration step. In this paper, we report the complete conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbons over InV-ZSM-5 without added hydrogen and which produces lower C₂ (<13%) as compared to that over H-ZSM-5. Experiments with C₂H₅OD and in situ DRIFT suggest that most of the products come from themore »« less
Cited by 29
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16039

Full Text Available
Conversion of propane using H-ZSM-5 and Ga/H-ZWM-5 in the presence of Co-fed nitric oxide, oxygen, and hydrogen

Journal Article Buckles, G; Hutchings, G - Journal of Catalysis

The conversion of propane to propene and aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied using cofed NO, O{sub 2}, and H{sub 2} to probe the reaction mechanism with H-ZSM-5 and Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}/H-ZSM-5 physical mixtures as catalysts. NO co-feeding with H-ZSM-5 causes a decrease in the conversion of propane and in the yields of methane and aromatic products. Although propane conversion decreases, NO does not affect the yield of propane. Similar effects are observed when NO is co-fed using Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}/H-ZSM-5 as catalysts. O{sub 2} co-feeding with H-ZSM-5 leads to an increase in propane conversion, propene yield, and deactivation rate, whereas,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1995.1005

Similar Records

Title: Selective Conversion of Bio-Derived Ethanol to Renewable BTX over Ga-ZSM-5

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transformation of butanes over ZSM-5 zeolites. Part 2.—Formation of aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn-ZSM-5 and Ga-ZSM-5 journal, January 1991

Aromatization of dilute ethylene over Ga-modified ZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts journal, October 2001

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to Chemicals journal, March 2014

Technological trends, global market, and challenges of bio-ethanol production journal, November 2010

The Hydrocarbon Pool in Ethanol-to-Gasoline over HZSM-5 Catalysts journal, November 2008

Catalytic dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene over TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in microchannel reactors journal, July 2007

Structure and function of metal cations in light alkane reactions catalyzed by modified H-ZSM5 journal, December 1996

One-step catalytic conversion of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene using zinc-containing talc journal, August 2015

Microkinetic modeling of propane aromatization over HZSM-5 journal, October 2005

1-Butanol synthesis from ethanol over strontium phosphate hydroxyapatite catalysts with various Sr/P ratios journal, December 2012

Influence of Zn- and Ga-doping on the conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 journal, January 1992

Ga2O3/HZSM-5 propane aromatization catalysts: Formation of active centers via solid-state reaction journal, November 1990

Catalyst Deactivation by Coke in the Transformation of Aqueous Ethanol into Hydrocarbons. Kinetic Modeling and Acidity Deterioration of the Catalyst journal, August 2002

Selective synthesis of 1-butanol from ethanol over strontium phosphate hydroxyapatite catalysts journal, July 2011

Nonoxidative Activation of Methane journal, January 2003

A descriptor for the relative propagation of the aromatic- and olefin-based cycles in methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion on H-ZSM-5 journal, July 2013

Reaction of ethanol over hydroxyapatite affected by Ca/P ratio of catalyst journal, October 2008

On reaction pathways in the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons on HZSM-5 journal, August 2014

Catalytic study of the conversion of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene journal, December 2012

Heterobimetallic Zeolite, InV-ZSM-5, Enables Efficient Conversion of Biomass Derived Ethanol to Renewable Hydrocarbons journal, November 2015

Decomposition and Aromatization of Ethanol on ZSM-Based Catalysts journal, November 2006

Catalytic transformation of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene journal, September 2014

Catalytic Conversion of Propane to Aromatics: Effects of Adding Ga and/or Pt to HZSM-5 journal, October 1994

Structure of Mo 2 C x and Mo 4 C x Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles and Their Anchoring Sites on ZSM-5 Zeolites journal, February 2014

Reprint of “Ethanol to higher hydrocarbons over Ni, Ga, Fe-modified ZSM-5: Effect of metal content” journal, September 2015

Ethanol transformation into hydrocarbons on ZSM-5 zeolites: Influence of Si/Al ratio on catalytic performances and deactivation rate. Study of the radical species role journal, November 2012

Aromatization of ethanol on Mo2C/ZSM catalysts journal, August 2006

Aromatization of propene and n-butene over H-galloaluminosilicate (ZSM-5 type) zeolite journal, May 2002

Organometallic model complexes elucidate the active gallium species in alkane dehydrogenation catalysts based on ligand effects in Ga K-edge XANES journal, January 2016

Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel journal, November 2009

Cracking of n-heptane over Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid Ga sites in ZSM-5 zeolite journal, April 2008

Catalytic dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene: Pilot-scale studies and process simulation journal, December 2011

Effect of H2–O2 pre-treatments on the state of gallium in Ga/H-ZSM-5 propane aromatisation catalysts journal, September 2003

Transformation of butanes over ZSM-5 zeolites. Part 2.—Formation of aromatic hydrocarbons over Zn-ZSM-5 and Ga-ZSM-5
journal, January 1991

Aromatization of dilute ethylene over Ga-modified ZSM-5 type zeolite catalysts
journal, October 2001

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to Chemicals
journal, March 2014

Technological trends, global market, and challenges of bio-ethanol production
journal, November 2010

The Hydrocarbon Pool in Ethanol-to-Gasoline over HZSM-5 Catalysts
journal, November 2008

Catalytic dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene over TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in microchannel reactors
journal, July 2007

Structure and function of metal cations in light alkane reactions catalyzed by modified H-ZSM5
journal, December 1996

One-step catalytic conversion of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene using zinc-containing talc
journal, August 2015

Microkinetic modeling of propane aromatization over HZSM-5
journal, October 2005

1-Butanol synthesis from ethanol over strontium phosphate hydroxyapatite catalysts with various Sr/P ratios
journal, December 2012

Influence of Zn- and Ga-doping on the conversion of ethanol to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5
journal, January 1992

Ga2O3/HZSM-5 propane aromatization catalysts: Formation of active centers via solid-state reaction
journal, November 1990

Catalyst Deactivation by Coke in the Transformation of Aqueous Ethanol into Hydrocarbons. Kinetic Modeling and Acidity Deterioration of the Catalyst
journal, August 2002

Selective synthesis of 1-butanol from ethanol over strontium phosphate hydroxyapatite catalysts
journal, July 2011

Nonoxidative Activation of Methane
journal, January 2003

A descriptor for the relative propagation of the aromatic- and olefin-based cycles in methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion on H-ZSM-5
journal, July 2013

Reaction of ethanol over hydroxyapatite affected by Ca/P ratio of catalyst
journal, October 2008

On reaction pathways in the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons on HZSM-5
journal, August 2014

Catalytic study of the conversion of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene
journal, December 2012

Heterobimetallic Zeolite, InV-ZSM-5, Enables Efficient Conversion of Biomass Derived Ethanol to Renewable Hydrocarbons
journal, November 2015

Decomposition and Aromatization of Ethanol on ZSM-Based Catalysts
journal, November 2006

Catalytic transformation of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene
journal, September 2014

Catalytic Conversion of Propane to Aromatics: Effects of Adding Ga and/or Pt to HZSM-5
journal, October 1994

Structure of Mo ₂ C _x and Mo ₄ C _x Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles and Their Anchoring Sites on ZSM-5 Zeolites
journal, February 2014

Reprint of “Ethanol to higher hydrocarbons over Ni, Ga, Fe-modified ZSM-5: Effect of metal content”
journal, September 2015

Ethanol transformation into hydrocarbons on ZSM-5 zeolites: Influence of Si/Al ratio on catalytic performances and deactivation rate. Study of the radical species role
journal, November 2012

Aromatization of ethanol on Mo2C/ZSM catalysts
journal, August 2006

Aromatization of propene and n-butene over H-galloaluminosilicate (ZSM-5 type) zeolite
journal, May 2002

Organometallic model complexes elucidate the active gallium species in alkane dehydrogenation catalysts based on ligand effects in Ga K-edge XANES
journal, January 2016

Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel
journal, November 2009

Cracking of n-heptane over Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid Ga sites in ZSM-5 zeolite
journal, April 2008

Catalytic dehydration of bioethanol to ethylene: Pilot-scale studies and process simulation
journal, December 2011

Effect of H2–O2 pre-treatments on the state of gallium in Ga/H-ZSM-5 propane aromatisation catalysts
journal, September 2003