On The Early-Time Excess Emission In Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae

Vreeswijk, Paul M.; Leloudas, Giorgos; Gal-Yam, Avishay; De Cia, Annalisa; Perley, Daniel A.; Quimby, Robert M.; Waldman, Roni; Sullivan, Mark; Yan, Lin; Ofek, Eran O.; Fremling, Christoffer; Taddia, Francesco; Sollerman, Jesper; Valenti, Stefano; Arcavi, Iair; Howell, D. Andrew; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Yaron, Ofer; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Cao, Yi; Ben-Ami, Sagi; Horesh, Assaf; Rubin, Adam; Lunnan, Ragnhild; Nugent, Peter E.; Laher, Russ; Rebbapragada, Umaa D.; Woźniak, Przemysław; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/58

Title: On The Early-Time Excess Emission In Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae

Journal Article · Wed Jan 18 00:00:00 EST 2017 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/58· OSTI ID:1393607

Vreeswijk, Paul M. ^[1];

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^[5]; Waldman, Roni ^[6];

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^[9]; Taddia, Francesco ^[9]; Sollerman, Jesper ^[9]; Valenti, Stefano ^[10];

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Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics; Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst., Dark Cosmology Centre
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics; European Southern Observatory, Garching (Germany)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst., Dark Cosmology Centre; California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astrophysics
San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics; Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel). Racah Inst. of Physics
Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Astronomy
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astrophysics Science Division
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Cahill Center for Astrophysics
Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States). Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Computational Cosmology Center
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Spitzer Science Center
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab.
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Here, we present the light curves of the hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe I) PTF 12dam and iPTF 13dcc, discovered by the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory. Both show excess emission at early times and a slowly declining light curve at late times. The early bump in PTF 12dam is very similar in duration (~10 days) and brightness relative to the main peak (2-3 mag fainter) compared to that observed in other SLSNe I. In contrast, the long-duration ( > 30 days) early excess emission in iPTF 13dcc, whose brightness competes with that of the main peak, appears to be of a different nature. We construct bolometric light curves for both targets, and fit a variety of light-curve models to both the early bump and main peak in an attempt to understand the nature of these explosions. Even though the slope of the late-time decline in the light curves of both SLSNe is suggestively close to that expected from the radioactive decay of ⁵⁶Ni and ⁵⁶Co, the amount of nickel required to power the full light curves is too large considering the estimated ejecta mass. The magnetar model including an increasing escape fraction provides a reasonable description of the PTF 12dam observations. However, neither the basic nor the double-peaked magnetar model is capable of reproducing the light curve of iPTF 13dcc. A model combining a shock breakout in an extended envelope with late-time magnetar energy injection provides a reasonable fit to the iPTF 13dcc observations. Finally, we find that the light curves of both PTF 12dam and iPTF 13dcc can be adequately fit with the model involving interaction with the circumstellar medium.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; NAS 5-26555; 615929; PF6-17014; AST-1211916; HST-HF-51296.01-A

OSTI ID:: 1393607

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 835, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Supernovae with Two Peaks in the Optical Light Curve and the Signature of Progenitors with Low-mass Extended Envelopes Nakar, Ehud; Piro, Anthony L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1401.7013	text	January 2014
The hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova iPTF13ajg and its host galaxy in absorption and emission Vreeswijk, Paul M.; Savaglio, Sandra; Gal-Yam, Avishay arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1409.8287	text	January 2014
The Rising Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae Firth, R. E.; Sullivan, M.; Gal-Yam, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.1064	text	January 2014
A young stellar environment for the superluminous supernova PTF12dam Thöne, C. C.; Postigo, A. de Ugarte; García-Benito, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.1104	preprint	January 2014
Superluminous Supernovae Powered by Magnetars: Late-time Light Curves and Hard Emission Leakage Wang, S. Q.; Wang, L. J.; Dai, Z. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1411.5126	text	January 2014
Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters Collaboration, Planck; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1502.01589	text	January 2015
LSQ14bdq: A Type Ic super-luminous supernova with a double-peaked light curve Nicholl, M.; Smartt, S. J.; Jerkstrand, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.01078	text	January 2015
Hydrogenless Superluminous Supernova PTF12dam in the Model of an Explosion inside an Extended Envelope Baklanov, Petr; Sorokina, Elena; Blinnikov, Sergei arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.05372	text	January 2015
Magnetar Driven Shock Breakout and Double Peaked Supernova Light Curves Kasen, Daniel; Metzger, Brian D.; Bildsten, Lars arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.03645	text	January 2015
Detection of Broad H$α$ Emission Lines in the Late-time Spectra of a Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova Yan, Lin; Quimby, R.; Ofek, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1508.04420	text	January 2015
A Triple-Energy-Source Model for Superluminous Supernova iPTF13ehe Wang, S. Q.; Liu, L. D.; Dai, Z. G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1509.05543	text	January 2015
Type I Superluminous Supernovae as Explosions inside Non-Hydrogen Circumstellar Envelopes Sorokina, Elena; Blinnikov, Sergei; Nomoto, Ken'ichi arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.00834	text	January 2015
Nebular spectra of pair-instability supernovae Jerkstrand, A.; Smartt, S. J.; Heger, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.02698	text	January 2015
SN 2015bn: a detailed multi-wavelength view of a nearby superluminous supernova Nicholl, M.; Berger, E.; Smartt, S. J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.04748	text	January 2016
Host-Galaxy Properties of 32 Low-Redshift Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory Perley, Daniel A.; Quimby, Robert; Yan, Lin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.08207	text	January 2016
SN 2006gy: Discovery of the most luminous supernova ever recorded, powered by the death of an extremely massive star like Eta Carinae Smith, Nathan; Li, Weidong; Foley, Ryan J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0612617	text	January 2006

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Observational properties of extreme supernovae Inserra, C. Nature Astronomy, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0854-4	journal	August 2019
A nearby super-luminous supernova with a long pre-maximum & “plateau” and strong C II features Anderson, J. P.; Pessi, P. J.; Dessart, L. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 620 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833725	journal	November 2018
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Broad-lined type Ic supernova iPTF16asu: A challenge to all popular models Wang, L. J.; Wang, X. F.; Cano, Z. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2184	journal	August 2019
Far-ultraviolet to Near-infrared Spectroscopy of a Nearby Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova Gaia16apd Yan, Lin; Quimby, R.; Gal-Yam, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 840, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6b02	journal	May 2017
Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae with Late-time H α Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory Yan, Lin; Lunnan, R.; Perley, D. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8993	journal	October 2017
The Magnetar Model for Type I Superluminous Supernovae. I. Bayesian Analysis of the Full Multicolor Light-curve Sample with MOSFiT Nicholl, Matt; Guillochon, James; Berger, Edo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9334	journal	November 2017
A Statistical Approach to Identify Superluminous Supernovae and Probe Their Diversity Inserra, C.; Prajs, S.; Gutierrez, C. P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaaaa	journal	February 2018
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Light Curves of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory De Cia, Annalisa; Gal-Yam, A.; Rubin, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab9b6	journal	June 2018
Far-UV HST Spectroscopy of an Unusual Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova: SN2017egm Yan, Lin; Perley, D. A.; Cia, A. De The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabad5	journal	May 2018
Results from a Systematic Survey of X-Ray Emission from Hydrogen-poor Superluminous SNe Margutti, R.; Chornock, R.; Metzger, B. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad2df	journal	August 2018
The Type I Superluminous Supernova PS16aqv: Lightcurve Complexity and Deep Limits on Radioactive Ejecta in a Fast Event Blanchard, P. K.; Nicholl, M.; Berger, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad8b9	journal	September 2018
A Fallback Accretion Model for the Unusual Type II-P Supernova iPTF14hls Wang, L. J.; Wang, X. F.; Wang, S. Q. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadba4	journal	September 2018
Systematic Investigation of the Fallback Accretion-powered Model for Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae Moriya, Takashi J.; Nicholl, Matt; Guillochon, James The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae53d	journal	November 2018
Superluminous Supernovae in LSST: Rates, Detection Metrics, and Light-curve Modeling Villar, V. Ashley; Nicholl, Matt; Berger, Edo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaee6a	journal	December 2018
A Simple Analysis of Type I Superluminous Supernova Peak Spectra: Composition, Expansion Velocities, and Dynamics Gal-Yam, Avishay The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f79	journal	September 2019
Photospheric Radius Evolution of Homologous Explosions Liu, Liang-Duan; Zhang, Bing; Wang, Ling-Jun The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeff6	journal	November 2018
SN 2016iet: The Pulsational or Pair Instability Explosion of a Low-metallicity Massive CO Core Embedded in a Dense Hydrogen-poor Circumstellar Medium Gomez, Sebastian; Berger, Edo; Nicholl, Matt The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f92	journal	August 2019
Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae With Late-time H-alpha Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory Yan, Lin; Lunnan, R.; Perley, D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1704.05061	text	January 2017
Results from a systematic survey of X-ray emission from Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae Margutti, Raffaella; Chornock, R.; Metzger, B. D. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1704.05865	text	January 2017
The magnetar model for Type I superluminous supernovae I: Bayesian analysis of the full multicolour light curve sample with MOSFiT Nicholl, Matt; Guillochon, James; Berger, Edo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.00825	text	January 2017
Far-UV HST Spectroscopy of An Unusual Hydrogen Poor Superluminous Supernova: SN2017egm Yan, Lin; Perley, D. A.; De Cia, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.01534	text	January 2017
A statistical approach to identify superluminous supernovae and probe their diversity Inserra, C.; Prajs, S.; Gutierrez, C. P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.03787	text	January 2017
Spectra of Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory Quimby, Robert M.; De Cia, Annalisa; Gal-Yam, Avishay arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.07820	text	January 2018
Testing the magnetar scenario for superluminous supernovae with circular polarimetry Cikota, Aleksandar; Leloudas, Giorgos; Bulla, Mattia arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.00025	text	January 2018
A nearby superluminous supernova with a long pre-maximum 'plateau' and strong CII features Anderson, J. P.; Pessi, P. J.; Dessart, L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.10609	text	January 2018
Photospheric Radius Evolution of Homologous Explosions Liu, Liang-Duan; Zhang, Bing; Wang, Ling-Jun arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.05048	text	January 2018
Superluminous Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey Angus, C. R.; Smith, M.; Sullivan, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04071	text	January 2018
SN 2016iet: The Pulsational or Pair Instability Explosion of a Low Metallicity Massive CO Core Embedded in a Dense Hydrogen-Poor Circumstellar Medium Gomez, Sebastian; Berger, Edo; Nicholl, Matt arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.07259	text	January 2019
Superluminous supernovae Moriya, Takashi J.; Sorokina, Elena I.; Chevalier, Roger A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1803.01875	text	January 2018

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