Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors at low Q2

Qattan, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Alsaad, A.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.91.065203

Title: Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors at low $Q^{2}$

Journal Article · Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.065203· OSTI ID:1392107

Qattan, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Alsaad, A.

Background: The spatial distribution of charge and magnetization within the proton is encoded in the elastic form factors. These have been precisely measured in elastic electron scattering, and the combination of proton and neutron form factors allows for the separation of the up- and down-quark contributions. Purpose: In this work, we extract the proton and neutron form factors from worldwide data with an emphasis on precise new data covering the low-momentum region, which is sensitive to the large-scale structure of the nucleon. From these, we separate the up- and down-quark contributions to the proton form factors. Method: We combine cross section and polarization measurements of elastic electron-proton scattering to separate the proton form factors and two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions. We combine the proton form factors with parametrization of the neutron form factor data and uncertainties to separate the up- and down-quark contributions to the proton's charge and magnetic form factors. Results: The extracted TPE corrections are compared to previous phenomenological extractions, TPE calculations, and direct measurements from the comparison of electron and positron scattering. The flavor-separated form factors are extracted and compared to models of the nucleon structure. Conclusions: With the inclusion of the precise new data, the extracted TPE contributions show a clear change of sign at low Q(2), which is necessary to explain the high-Q(2) form factor discrepancy while being consistent with the known Q(2) -> 0 limit. We find that the new Mainz data yield a significantly different result for the proton magnetic form factor and its flavor-separated contributions. We also observe that the rms radius of both the up- and down-quark distributions are smaller than the rms charge radius of the proton.

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science - Office of Nuclear Physics

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1392107

Journal Information:: Physical Review. C, Nuclear Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 6; ISSN 0556-2813

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (98)

Two-Photon Exchange and Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.142304	journal	October 2003
Two-photon exchange at low $Q^{2}$ Borisyuk, Dmitry; Kobushkin, Alexander Physical Review C, Vol. 75, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.75.038202	journal	March 2007
Strange-Quark Contributions to Parity-Violating Asymmetries in the Forward G0 Electron-Proton Scattering Experiment Armstrong, D. S.; Arvieux, J.; Asaturyan, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.092001	journal	August 2005
Explanation and prediction of observables using continuum strong QCD Cloët, Ian C.; Roberts, Craig D. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 77 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2014.02.001	journal	July 2014
Determination of two-photon exchange amplitudes from elastic electron-proton scattering data Guttmann, J.; Kivel, N.; Meziane, M. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 47, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11077-4	journal	June 2011
Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to $Q^{2} = 8.5 {GeV}^{2}$ Puckett, A. J. R.; Brash, E. J.; Jones, M. K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.242301	journal	June 2010
The spin and flavor dependence of parton distribution functions Close, F. E.; Thomas, A. W. Physics Letters B, Vol. 212, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(88)90530-8	journal	September 1988
Empirical parametrization of the two-photon-exchange effect contributions to the electron-proton elastic scattering cross section Qattan, I. A.; Alsaad, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.054307	journal	May 2011
Scattering of positrons and electrons from protons Bartel, W.; Dudelzak, B.; Krehbiel, H. Physics Letters B, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(67)90055-X	journal	August 1967
Electromagnetic form factors of the proton at squared four-momentum transfers between 10 and 50 fm−2 Berger, Ch.; Burkert, V.; Knop, G. Physics Letters B, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(71)90448-5	journal	April 1971
P ARITY -V IOLATING E LECTRON S CATTERING AND N UCLEON S TRUCTURE Beck, D. H.; McKeown, R. D. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.51.101701.132312	journal	December 2001
New Precision Limit on the Strange Vector Form Factors of the Proton Ahmed, Z.; Allada, K.; Aniol, K. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.102001	journal	March 2012
Backward scattering of positrons and electrons on protons Bouquet, B.; Benaksas, D.; Grossetête, B. Physics Letters B, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(68)90520-0	journal	January 1968
Publisher's Note: Proton elastic form factor ratios to $Q^{2} = 3.5 {GeV}^{2}$ by polarization transfer [Phys. Rev. C 71, 055202 (2005)] Punjabi, V.; Perdrisat, C. F.; Aniol, K. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.069902	journal	June 2005
Proton $G_{E} / G_{M}$ from beam-target asymmetry Jones, M. K.; Aghalaryan, A.; Ahmidouch, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.035201	journal	September 2006
Comparison of Elastic Positron-Proton and Electron-Proton Scattering Cross Sections Cassiday, G.; DeWire, J.; Fischer, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1191	journal	November 1967
Interpretation of the flavor dependence of nucleon form factors in a generalized parton distribution model Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. Osvaldo; Liuti, Simonetta; Goldstein, Gary R. Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.065206	journal	December 2013
Erratum: Empirical parametrization of the two-photon-exchange effect contributions to the electron-proton elastic scattering cross section [Phys. Rev. C 83 , 054307 (2011)] Qattan, I. A.; Alsaad, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.029905	journal	August 2011
How to Reconcile the Rosenbluth and the Polarization Transfer Methods in the Measurement of the Proton Form Factors Guichon, P. A. M.; Vanderhaeghen, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.142303	journal	October 2003
Precision Rosenbluth Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factors Qattan, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Segel, R. E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.142301	journal	April 2005
The ratio of proton electromagnetic form factors via recoil polarimetry at MacLachlan, G.; Aghalaryan, A.; Ahmidouch, A. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 764 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.09.012	journal	January 2006
Search for Effects Beyond the Born Approximation in Polarization Transfer Observables in $\vec{e} p$ Elastic Scattering Meziane, M.; Brash, E. J.; Gilman, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.132501	journal	March 2011
Reexamination of phenomenological two-photon exchange corrections to the proton form factors and $e^{\pm} p$ scattering Qattan, I. A.; Alsaad, A.; Arrington, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.054317	journal	November 2011
Two-Photon Exchange in Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering: A QCD Factorization Approach Kivel, Nikolai; Vanderhaeghen, Marc Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.092004	journal	August 2009
Measurements of electron-proton elastic cross sections for $0.4 < Q^{2} < 5.5 {(GeV ∕ c)}^{2}$ Christy, M. E.; Ahmidouch, A.; Armstrong, C. S. Physical Review C, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.015206	journal	July 2004
Measurement of the ratio of the proton form factors, GE/GM, at high momentum transfers and the question of scaling Litt, J.; Buschhorn, G.; Coward, D. H. Physics Letters B, Vol. 31, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(70)90015-8	journal	January 1970
How well do we know the electromagnetic form factors of the proton? Arrington, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034325	journal	September 2003
Proton elastic form factor ratios to $Q^{2} = 3.5 GeV^{2}$ by polarization transfer Punjabi, V.; Perdrisat, C. F.; Aniol, K. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.055202	journal	May 2005
Measurements of the proton elastic form factors for $1 \leq Q^{2} \leq 3$ ${(G e V / c)}^{2}$ at SLAC Walker, R. C.; Filippone, B. W.; Jourdan, J. Physical Review D, Vol. 49, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.49.5671	journal	June 1994
Evidence for two-photon exchange contributions in electron-proton and positron-proton elastic scattering Arrington, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 69, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.032201	journal	March 2004
Comparison of Electron-Proton and Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Four-Momentum Transfers up to 5.0 ${(G e V / c)}^{2}$ Mar, Jerry; Barish, Barry C.; Pine, Jerome Physical Review Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.482	journal	August 1968
Polarization Transfer in the ${}^{4}{He} (\vec{e}, e^{'} \vec{p}) {}^{3}H$ Reaction at $Q^{2} = 0.8$ and $1.3 (GeV / c)^{2}$ Paolone, M.; Malace, S. P.; Strauch, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.072001	journal	August 2010
$Δ$ Resonance Contribution to Two-Photon Exchange in Electron-Proton Scattering Kondratyuk, S.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.172503	journal	October 2005
Measurements of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton from $Q^{2}$ =1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/ c $)^{2}$ Andivahis, L.; Bosted, P. E.; Lung, A. Physical Review D, Vol. 50, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.50.5491	journal	November 1994
Proton Structure from the Measurement of 2S-2P Transition Frequencies of Muonic Hydrogen Antognini, A.; Nez, F.; Schuhmann, K. Science, Vol. 339, Issue 6118 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1230016	journal	January 2013
Two-photon exchange in elastic electron-nucleon scattering Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.72.034612	journal	September 2005
Polarization transfer in elastic electron scattering from nucleons and deuterons Arnold, Raymond G.; Carlson, Carl E.; Gross, Franz Physical Review C, Vol. 23, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.23.363	journal	January 1981
Coulomb corrections in the extraction of the proton radius Arrington, John Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/40/11/115003	journal	October 2013
Partonic Calculation of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Large Momentum Transfer Chen, Y. -C.; Afanasev, A.; Brodsky, S. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.122301	journal	September 2004
Proton Form Factors from Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering Janssens, T.; Hofstadter, R.; Hughes, E. B. Physical Review, Vol. 142, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.142.922	journal	February 1966
Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering Arrington, J.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003	journal	October 2011
Role of diquark correlations and the pion cloud in nucleon elastic form factors Cloët, Ian C.; Bentz, Wolfgang; Thomas, Anthony W. Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.045202	journal	October 2014
Measurement of $G_{E_{p}} / G_{M_{p}}$ in $\vec{e} p \to e \vec{p}$ to $Q^{2} = 5.6 {GeV}^{2}$ Gayou, O.; Aniol, K. A.; Averett, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.092301	journal	February 2002
Polarization Transfer in the ${}^{4}{H e} (\vec{e}, e^{'} \vec{p}) {}^{3}H$ Reaction up to $Q^{2} = 2.6 (G e V / c)^{2}$ Strauch, S.; Dieterich, S.; Aniol, K. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.052301	journal	July 2003
Survey of Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors Cloët, I. C.; Eichmann, G.; El-Bennich, B. Few-Body Systems, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-009-0015-x	journal	March 2009
Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic $e^{\pm} p$ Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring Rachek, I. A.; Arrington, J.; Dmitriev, V. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062005	journal	February 2015
Experimental constraints on nonlinearities induced by two-photon effects in elastic and inelastic Rosenbluth separations Tvaskis, V.; Arrington, J.; Christy, M. E. Physical Review C, Vol. 73, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.73.025206	journal	February 2006
Strange Quark Contributions to Parity-Violating Asymmetries in the Backward Angle G0 Electron Scattering Experiment Androić, D.; Armstrong, D. S.; Arvieux, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.012001	journal	January 2010
Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data Adikaram, D.; Rimal, D.; Weinstein, L. B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.062003	journal	February 2015
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors Arrington, J.; Roberts, C. D.; Zanotti, J. M. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 34, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/S03	journal	May 2007
Electric and magnetic form factors of the proton Bernauer, J. C.; Distler, M. O.; Friedrich, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.015206	journal	July 2014
Is there model-independent evidence of the two-photon-exchange effect in the electron–proton elastic scattering cross section? Chen, Yu Chun; Kao, Chung Wen; Yang, Shin Nan Physics Letters B, Vol. 652, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.07.044	journal	September 2007
Strange Vector Form Factors from Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Paschke, Kent; Thomas, Anthony; Michaels, Robert Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 299 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/299/1/012003	journal	May 2011
Two-photon exchange in a dispersion approach Borisyuk, Dmitry; Kobushkin, Alexander Physical Review C, Vol. 78, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.025208	journal	August 2008
Nucleon electromagnetic form factors Perdrisat, C. F.; Punjabi, V.; Vanderhaeghen, M. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2007.05.001	journal	October 2007
Measurement of the Proton’s Electric to Magnetic Form Factor Ratio from ${}^{1}{\vec{H}} (\vec{e}, e^{'} p)$ Crawford, C. B.; Sindile, A.; Akdogan, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.052301	journal	January 2007
Positron-Proton Elastic Scattering at 800 and 1200 MeV Anderson, R. L.; Borgia, B.; Cassiday, G. L. Physical Review, Vol. 166, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.166.1336	journal	February 1968
High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msub><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> at low <mml:math altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> Zhan, X.; Allada, K.; Armstrong, D. S. Physics Letters B, Vol. 705, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.10.002	journal	November 2011
Nucleon quark distributions in a covariant quark–diquark model Cloët, I. C.; Bentz, W.; Thomas, A. W. Physics Letters B, Vol. 621, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.06.065	journal	August 2005
Erratum: Comparison of Polarization Observables in Electron Scattering from the Proton and Deuteron [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 452 (1998)] Milbrath, B. D.; McIntyre, J. I.; Armstrong, C. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2221	journal	March 1999
Positron-Proton Scattering Browman, A.; Liu, F.; Schaerf, C. Physical Review, Vol. 139, Issue 4B https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.139.B1079	journal	August 1965
Comparison of Polarization Observables in Electron Scattering from the Proton and Deuteron Milbrath, B. D.; McIntyre, J. I.; Armstrong, C. S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.452	journal	January 1998
Charge symmetry, quarks and mesons Miller, G. A.; Nefkens, B. M. K.; Šlaus, I. Physics Reports, Vol. 194, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(90)90102-8	journal	October 1990
Simple parametrization of nucleon form factors Kelly, J. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 70, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.068202	journal	December 2004
Two-photon exchange amplitudes for elastic $e p$ scattering at $Q^{2} = 2.5 {GeV}^{2}$ from experimental data Borisyuk, Dmitry; Kobushkin, Alexander Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.83.057501	journal	March 2011
Implications of the discrepancy between proton form factor measurements Arrington, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 69, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.022201	journal	February 2004
Low- $Q^{2}$ measurements of the proton form factor ratio $μ_{p} G_{E} / G_{M}$ Ron, G.; Zhan, X.; Glister, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.055204	journal	November 2011
Scattering of Positrons and Electrons from Protons Anderson, R. L.; Borgia, B.; Cassiday, G. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.407	journal	August 1966
Phenomenological analysis of two-photon exchange effects in proton form factor measurements Borisyuk, Dmitry; Kobushkin, Alexander Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.022201	journal	August 2007
Measurements of the elastic electromagnetic form factor ratio $μ_{p} G_{Ep} {/ G}_{Mp}$ via polarization transfer Gayou, O.; Wijesooriya, K.; Afanasev, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 64, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.038202	journal	August 2001
Demonstration of a novel technique to measure two-photon exchange effects in elastic $e^{\pm} p$ scattering Moteabbed, M.; Niroula, M.; Raue, B. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.025210	journal	August 2013
Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes Carlson, Carl E.; Vanderhaeghen, Marc Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 57, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.57.090506.123116	journal	November 2007
Nucleon form factors and spin content in a quark-diquark model with a pion cloud Cloët, Ian C.; Miller, Gerald A. Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.015208	journal	July 2012
Precise Determination of the Strangeness Magnetic Moment of the Nucleon Leinweber, D. B.; Boinepalli, S.; Cloet, I. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.212001	journal	June 2005
Box diagram in the elastic electron-proton scattering Borisyuk, Dmitry; Kobushkin, Alexander Physical Review C, Vol. 74, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.065203	journal	December 2006
High Energy Elastic Scattering of Electrons on Protons Rosenbluth, M. N. Physical Review, Vol. 79, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.79.615	journal	August 1950
Scattering of High-Energy Positrons from Protons Yount, D.; Pine, J. Physical Review, Vol. 128, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.128.1842	journal	November 1962
Electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon: New fit and analysis of uncertainties Alberico, W. M.; Bilenky, S. M.; Giunti, C. Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.065204	journal	June 2009
Realistic transverse images of the proton charge and magnetization densities Venkat, Siddharth; Arrington, John; Miller, Gerald A. Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.015203	journal	January 2011
Parity-violating electroweak asymmetry in $\vec{e} p$ scattering Aniol, K. A.; Armstrong, D. S.; Averett, T. Physical Review C, Vol. 69, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.065501	journal	June 2004
Extended Gari-Krümpelmann model fits to nucleon electromagnetic form factors Lomon, Earle L. Physical Review C, Vol. 64, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.64.035204	journal	August 2001
The size of the proton Pohl, Randolf; Antognini, Aldo; Nez, François Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7303 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09250	journal	July 2010
The Coulomb Scattering of Relativistic Electrons by Nuclei McKinley, William A.; Feshbach, Herman Physical Review, Vol. 74, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.1759	journal	December 1948
Nucleon and Roper electromagnetic elastic and transition form factors Wilson, D. J.; Cloët, I. C.; Chang, L. Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.85.025205	journal	February 2012
Pion Distribution Amplitude from Lattice QCD Cloët, I. C.; Chang, L.; Roberts, C. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.092001	journal	August 2013
Scattering of Polarized Leptons at High Energy Dombey, Norman Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.41.236	journal	January 1969
Flavor Decomposition of the Elastic Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors Cates, G. D.; de Jager, C. W.; Riordan, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.252003	journal	June 2011
Coulomb distortion in high- $Q^{2}$ elastic $e ‐ p$ scattering Arrington, John; Sick, Ingo Physical Review C, Vol. 70, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.70.028203	journal	August 2004
Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections Arrington, J.; Melnitchouk, W.; Tjon, J. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.035205	journal	September 2007
Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors Qattan, I. A.; Arrington, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.065210	journal	December 2012
Aspects of hadron physics Roberts, C. D.; Bhagwat, M. S.; Höll, A. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, Vol. 140, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2007-00003-5	journal	January 2007
Measurement of proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors at squared four-momentum transfers up to 3 (GeV/c)2 Bartel, W.; Büsser, F. -W.; Dix, W. -R. Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(73)90594-4	journal	July 1973
Revealing Dressed Quarks via the Proton’s Charge Distribution Cloët, Ian C.; Roberts, Craig D.; Thomas, Anthony W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.101803	journal	September 2013
Extraction of two-photon contributions to the proton form factors Arrington, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.015202	journal	January 2005
Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at $Q^{2} = 4.0$ , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV $^{2}$ Puckett, A. J. R.; Brash, E. J.; Gayou, O. Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.85.045203	journal	April 2012
Measurement of GEp/GMp via polarization transfer at Q2 = 0.4 GeV /c2 Pospischil, Th.; Bartsch, P.; Baumann, D. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100500170046	journal	September 2001
Model-independent properties of two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton scattering Rekalo, M. P.; Tomasi-Gustafsson, E. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10039-3	journal	November 2004
Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon Armstrong, D. S.; McKeown, R. D. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 62, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130419	journal	November 2012

Similar Records

High-precision measurement of the proton elastic form factor ratio

μ_{p} G_{E} / G_{M}

at low

Q^{2}

Journal Article · Tue Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · Physics Letters B · OSTI ID:1392107

Zhan, X.; Allada, K.; Armstrong, D. S.; +69 more

Polarization transfer observables in elastic electron-proton scattering at

Q^{2} = 2.5

, 5.2, 6.8, and

8.5 {GeV}^{2}

Journal Article · Mon Nov 06 00:00:00 EST 2017 · Physical Review C · OSTI ID:1392107

Puckett, Andrew J. R.; Brash, E. J.; Jones, M. K.; +104 more

Understanding the systematic differences in extractions of the proton electric form factors at low

Q^{2}

Journal Article · Mon Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Physical Review C · OSTI ID:1392107

Zhou, Jingyi; Khachatryan, Vladimir; Gao, Haiyan; +2 more

Title: Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors at low Q 2

Citation Formats

References (98)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Flavor decomposition of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors at low $Q^{2}$