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Title: Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Abstract

The structure, electrochemistry, and thermal stability of concentration gradient core–shell (CGCS) particles with different shell morphologies were evaluated and compared. We modified the shell morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods, because nanorods can result in a reduced surface area of the shell such that the outer shell would have less contact with the corrosive electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. Electron microscopy studies coupled with electron probe X-ray micro-analysis revealed the presence of a concentration gradient shell consisting of nanoparticles and nanorods before and after thermal lithiation at high temperature. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data and the chemical analysis results showed no variations of the lattice parameters and chemical compositions of both produced CGCS particles except for the degree of cation mixing (or exchange) in Li and transition metal layers. As anticipated, the dense nanorods present in the shell gave rise to a high tap density (2.5 g cm3 ) with a reduced pore volume and surface area. Intimate contact among the nanorods is likely to improve the resulting electric conductivity. As a result, the CGCS Li[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 with the nanorod shell retained approximately 85.5% of its initial capacity over 150 cycles in the range of 2.7–4.5 V at 608C.more » The charged electrode consisting of Li0.16[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 CGCS particles with the nanorod shell also displayed a main exothermic reaction at 279.48C releasing 751.7 J g1 of heat. Due to the presence of the nanorod shell in the CGCS particles, the electrochemical and thermal properties are substantially superior to those of the CGCS particles with the nanoparticle shell.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1392038
DOE Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
ChemSusChem
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1864-5631
Publisher:
ChemPubSoc Europe
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
batteries; concentration gradient; core-shell; lithium; nanorods; positive electrode; shell

Citation Formats

Yoon, Sung-June, Myung, Seung-Taek, Noh, Hyung-Joo, Lu, Jun, Amine, Khalil, and Sun, Yang-Kook. Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1002/cssc.201402389.
Yoon, Sung-June, Myung, Seung-Taek, Noh, Hyung-Joo, Lu, Jun, Amine, Khalil, & Sun, Yang-Kook. Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402389
Yoon, Sung-June, Myung, Seung-Taek, Noh, Hyung-Joo, Lu, Jun, Amine, Khalil, and Sun, Yang-Kook. 2014. "Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402389.
@article{osti_1392038,
title = {Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries},
author = {Yoon, Sung-June and Myung, Seung-Taek and Noh, Hyung-Joo and Lu, Jun and Amine, Khalil and Sun, Yang-Kook},
abstractNote = {The structure, electrochemistry, and thermal stability of concentration gradient core–shell (CGCS) particles with different shell morphologies were evaluated and compared. We modified the shell morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods, because nanorods can result in a reduced surface area of the shell such that the outer shell would have less contact with the corrosive electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. Electron microscopy studies coupled with electron probe X-ray micro-analysis revealed the presence of a concentration gradient shell consisting of nanoparticles and nanorods before and after thermal lithiation at high temperature. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data and the chemical analysis results showed no variations of the lattice parameters and chemical compositions of both produced CGCS particles except for the degree of cation mixing (or exchange) in Li and transition metal layers. As anticipated, the dense nanorods present in the shell gave rise to a high tap density (2.5 g cm3 ) with a reduced pore volume and surface area. Intimate contact among the nanorods is likely to improve the resulting electric conductivity. As a result, the CGCS Li[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 with the nanorod shell retained approximately 85.5% of its initial capacity over 150 cycles in the range of 2.7–4.5 V at 608C. The charged electrode consisting of Li0.16[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 CGCS particles with the nanorod shell also displayed a main exothermic reaction at 279.48C releasing 751.7 J g1 of heat. Due to the presence of the nanorod shell in the CGCS particles, the electrochemical and thermal properties are substantially superior to those of the CGCS particles with the nanoparticle shell.},
doi = {10.1002/cssc.201402389},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1392038}, journal = {ChemSusChem},
issn = {1864-5631},
number = 12,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Thu Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}

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