Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Abstract
The structure, electrochemistry, and thermal stability of concentration gradient core–shell (CGCS) particles with different shell morphologies were evaluated and compared. We modified the shell morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods, because nanorods can result in a reduced surface area of the shell such that the outer shell would have less contact with the corrosive electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. Electron microscopy studies coupled with electron probe X-ray micro-analysis revealed the presence of a concentration gradient shell consisting of nanoparticles and nanorods before and after thermal lithiation at high temperature. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data and the chemical analysis results showed no variations of the lattice parameters and chemical compositions of both produced CGCS particles except for the degree of cation mixing (or exchange) in Li and transition metal layers. As anticipated, the dense nanorods present in the shell gave rise to a high tap density (2.5 g cm3 ) with a reduced pore volume and surface area. Intimate contact among the nanorods is likely to improve the resulting electric conductivity. As a result, the CGCS Li[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 with the nanorod shell retained approximately 85.5% of its initial capacity over 150 cycles in the range of 2.7–4.5 V at 608C.more »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1392038
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Journal Article
- Journal Name:
- ChemSusChem
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1864-5631
- Publisher:
- ChemPubSoc Europe
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- batteries; concentration gradient; core-shell; lithium; nanorods; positive electrode; shell
Citation Formats
Yoon, Sung-June, Myung, Seung-Taek, Noh, Hyung-Joo, Lu, Jun, Amine, Khalil, and Sun, Yang-Kook. Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1002/cssc.201402389.
Yoon, Sung-June, Myung, Seung-Taek, Noh, Hyung-Joo, Lu, Jun, Amine, Khalil, & Sun, Yang-Kook. Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402389
Yoon, Sung-June, Myung, Seung-Taek, Noh, Hyung-Joo, Lu, Jun, Amine, Khalil, and Sun, Yang-Kook. 2014.
"Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201402389.
@article{osti_1392038,
title = {Nanorod and Nanoparticle Shells in Concentration Gradient Core-Shell Lithium Oxides for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries},
author = {Yoon, Sung-June and Myung, Seung-Taek and Noh, Hyung-Joo and Lu, Jun and Amine, Khalil and Sun, Yang-Kook},
abstractNote = {The structure, electrochemistry, and thermal stability of concentration gradient core–shell (CGCS) particles with different shell morphologies were evaluated and compared. We modified the shell morphology from nanoparticles to nanorods, because nanorods can result in a reduced surface area of the shell such that the outer shell would have less contact with the corrosive electrolyte, resulting in improved electrochemical properties. Electron microscopy studies coupled with electron probe X-ray micro-analysis revealed the presence of a concentration gradient shell consisting of nanoparticles and nanorods before and after thermal lithiation at high temperature. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data and the chemical analysis results showed no variations of the lattice parameters and chemical compositions of both produced CGCS particles except for the degree of cation mixing (or exchange) in Li and transition metal layers. As anticipated, the dense nanorods present in the shell gave rise to a high tap density (2.5 g cm3 ) with a reduced pore volume and surface area. Intimate contact among the nanorods is likely to improve the resulting electric conductivity. As a result, the CGCS Li[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 with the nanorod shell retained approximately 85.5% of its initial capacity over 150 cycles in the range of 2.7–4.5 V at 608C. The charged electrode consisting of Li0.16[Ni0.60Co0.15Mn0.25]O2 CGCS particles with the nanorod shell also displayed a main exothermic reaction at 279.48C releasing 751.7 J g1 of heat. Due to the presence of the nanorod shell in the CGCS particles, the electrochemical and thermal properties are substantially superior to those of the CGCS particles with the nanoparticle shell.},
doi = {10.1002/cssc.201402389},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1392038},
journal = {ChemSusChem},
issn = {1864-5631},
number = 12,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Thu Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}
Works referenced in this record:
Synthesis of LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5- x Ti x O 2 by an Emulsion Drying Method and Effect of Ti on Structure and Electrochemical Properties
journal, May 2005
- Myung, Seung-Taek; Komaba, Shinichi; Hosoya, Kiyoharu
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9
Novel Core−Shell-Structured Li[(Ni 0.8 Co 0.2 ) 0.8 (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ) 0.2 ]O 2 via Coprecipitation as Positive Electrode Material for Lithium Secondary Batteries
journal, April 2006
- Sun, Yang-Kook; Myung, Seung-Taek; Shin, Ho-Suk
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 13
Aluminum-doped lithium nickel cobalt oxide electrodes for high-power lithium-ion batteries
journal, April 2004
- Chen, C. H.; Liu, J.; Stoll, M. E.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 128, Issue 2
High-voltage performance of concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.67Co0.15Mn0.18]O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
journal, December 2010
- Sun, Yang-Kook; Kim, Dong-Hui; Jung, Hun-Gi
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 55, Issue 28
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 and Li[Ni0.8Co0.2]O2 via co-precipitation
journal, September 2006
- Kim, Myung-Hyoon; Shin, Ho-Suk; Shin, Dongwook
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 159, Issue 2
Synthetic optimization of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 via co-precipitation
journal, December 2004
- Lee, M. -H.; Kang, Y. -J.; Myung, S. -T.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 50, Issue 4
Electrochemical and Thermal Behavior of LiNi[sub 1−z]M[sub z]O[sub 2] (M = Co, Mn, Ti)
journal, January 1997
- Arai, Hajime
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 9
High-energy cathode material for long-life and safe lithium batteries
journal, March 2009
- Sun, Yang-Kook; Myung, Seung-Taek; Park, Byung-Chun
- Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Synthesis of Spherical Nano- to Microscale Core−Shell Particles Li[(Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ) 1 - x (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ) x ]O 2 and Their Applications to Lithium Batteries
journal, October 2006
- Sun, Yang-Kook; Myung, Seung-Taek; Park, Byung-Chun
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 22
Layered Li[Ni[sub x]Co[sub 1−2x]Mn[sub x]]O[sub 2] Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2001
- Lu, Zhonghua; MacNeil, D. D.; Dahn, J. R.
- Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 12
A novel concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O2 cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
journal, January 2011
- Sun, Yang-Kook; Lee, Bo-Ram; Noh, Hyung-Ju
- Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 21, Issue 27
Improvement of electrochemical and thermal properties of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 positive electrode materials by multiple metal (Al, Mg) substitution
journal, June 2009
- Woo, S. -W.; Myung, S. -T.; Bang, H.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 54, Issue 15
Synthesis and Characterization of Li[(Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ) 0.8 (Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 ) 0.2 ]O 2 with the Microscale Core−Shell Structure as the Positive Electrode Material for Lithium Batteries
journal, September 2005
- Sun, Yang-Kook; Myung, Seung-Taek; Kim, Myung-Hoon
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 38
Electrochemical analysis for cycle performance and capacity fading of a lithium-ion battery cycled at elevated temperature
journal, October 2002
- Shim, J.
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 112, Issue 1
Layered Lithium Insertion Material of LiNi 1/2 Mn 1/2 O 2 : A Possible Alternative to LiCoO 2 for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, August 2001
- Ohzuku, Tsutomu; Makimura, Yoshinari
- Chemistry Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 8
Effect of AlF 3 Coating on Thermal Behavior of Chemically Delithiated Li 0.35 [Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 ]O 2
journal, March 2010
- Myung, Seung-Taek; Lee, Ki-Soo; Yoon, Chong Seung
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 10