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Title: Small Angle X-ray Scattering for Nanoparticle Research

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
 [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

X-ray scattering is a structural characterization tool that has impacted diverse fields of study. It is unique in its ability to examine materials in real time and under realistic sample environments, enabling researchers to understand morphology at nanometer and ångström length scales using complementary small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), respectively. Herein, we focus on the use of SAXS to examine nanoscale particulate systems. We provide a theoretical foundation for X-ray scattering, considering both form factor and structure factor, as well as the use of correlation functions, which may be used to determine a particle’s size, size distribution, shape, and organization into hierarchal structures. The theory is expanded upon with contemporary use cases. Both transmission and reflection (grazing incidence) geometries are addressed, as well the combination of SAXS with other X-ray and non-X ray characterization tools. Furthermore, we conclude with an examination of several key areas of research where X-rays scattering has played a pivotal role, including in situ nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle assembly, and in operando studies of catalysts and energy storage materials. Throughout this review we highlight the unique capabilities of X-ray scattering for structural characterization of materials in their native environment.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1391950
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 116, Issue 18; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 547 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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In Situ and Simultaneous UV−vis/SAXS and UV−vis/XAFS Time-Resolved Monitoring of ZnO Quantum Dots Formation and Growth journal February 2011
Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticle Formation in the Classical Citrate Synthesis Method Derived from Coupled In Situ XANES and SAXS Evaluation journal February 2010
A Combined SAXS/WAXS/XAFS Setup Capable of Observing Concurrent Changes Across the Nano-to-Micrometer Size Range in Inorganic Solid Crystallization Processes journal September 2006
Linking Simultaneous In Situ WAXS/SAXS/Raman with Raman/ATR/UV–vis Spectroscopy: Comprehensive Insight into the Synthesis of Molybdate Catalyst Precursors journal June 2009
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Gold Nanoparticle Formation from Photochemical Reduction of Au 3+ by Continuous Excitation in Colloidal Solutions. A Proposed Molecular Mechanism journal February 2005
Characterization of the Initial Stages of SBA-15 Synthesis by in Situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering journal December 2005
Production of amorphous nanoparticles by supersonic spray-drying with a microfluidic nebulator journal August 2015
Time-resolved microfocused small-angle X-ray scattering investigation of the microfluidic concentration of charged nanoparticles journal June 2011
Experimental set-up for time resolved small angle X-ray scattering studies of nanoparticles formation using a free-jet micromixer
  • Marmiroli, Benedetta; Grenci, Gianluca; Cacho-Nerin, Fernando
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 268, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.036
journal February 2010
In Situ Determination of Colloidal Gold Concentrations with UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Limitations and Perspectives journal October 2014
Influence of Monomer Feeding on a Fast Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis: Time-Resolved XANES and SAXS Experiments journal September 2010
Real-Time Probing of the Synthesis of Colloidal Silver Nanocubes with Time-Resolved High-Energy Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction journal May 2012
Nucleation and Aggregative Growth Process of Platinum Nanoparticles Studied by in Situ Quick XAFS Spectroscopy journal January 2012
Theory, Production and Mechanism of Formation of Monodispersed Hydrosols journal November 1950
In Situ UV/Vis, SAXS, and TEM Study of Single-Phase Gold Nanoparticle Growth journal February 2012
Transition Metal Nanocluster Formation Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies. A New Mechanism When Hydrogen Is the Reductant:  Slow, Continuous Nucleation and Fast Autocatalytic Surface Growth journal October 1997
Observation of Single Colloidal Platinum Nanocrystal Growth Trajectories journal June 2009
Nucleation and growth of magnetite from solution journal February 2013
Insights into Initial Kinetic Nucleation of Gold Nanocrystals journal June 2010
The Statistical Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Condensation. I journal August 1952
Nucleus interaction and fine structures of colloidal gold particles journal May 1973
Colloidal gold. Part I: Historical and preparative aspects, morphology and structure journal September 1985
Silver Nanoparticle Formation:  Predictions and Verification of the Aggregative Growth Model journal May 2001
Late-stage coarsening of adlayers by dynamic cluster coalescence journal October 1996
Time-Resolved SAXS Study of Nucleation and Growth of Silica Colloids journal January 2002
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Aggregation and Coarsening of Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Thin Films journal June 2008
Direct Observation of Aggregative Nanoparticle Growth: Kinetic Modeling of the Size Distribution and Growth Rate journal December 2013
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Selective transformations between nanoparticle superlattices via the reprogramming of DNA-mediated interactions journal May 2015
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Self-Organization of CdSe Nanocrystallites into Three-Dimensional Quantum Dot Superlattices journal November 1995
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Predictive Self-Assembly of Polyhedra into Complex Structures journal July 2012
Shape Induced Symmetry in Self-Assembled Mesocrystals of Iron Oxide Nanocubes journal April 2011
Continuous Phase Transformation in Nanocube Assemblies journal September 2011
Self-Assembly of Tetrahedral CdSe Nanocrystals: Effective “Patchiness” via Anisotropic Steric Interaction journal April 2014
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