A practical superconducting-microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer for beamline and laboratory science

Doriese, W. B.; Abbamonte, P.; Alpert, B. K.; Bennett, D. A.; Denison, E. V.; Fang, Y.; Fischer, D. A.; Fitzgerald, C. P.; Fowler, J. W.; Gard, J. D.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Hilton, G. C.; Jaye, C.; McChesney, J. L.; Miaja-Avila, L.; Morgan, K. M.; Joe, Y. I.; O’Neil, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.; Rodolakis, F.; Schmidt, D. R.; Tatsuno, H.; Uhlig, J.; Vale, L. R.; Ullom, J. N.; Swetz, D. S.

doi:10.1063/1.4983316

Title: A practical superconducting-microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometer for beamline and laboratory science

Journal Article · Tue May 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983316· OSTI ID:1390613

Doriese, W. B. ^[1]; Abbamonte, P. ^[2]; Alpert, B. K. ^[1];

^[1]; Denison, E. V. ^[1]; Fang, Y. ^[2]; Fischer, D. A. ^[3]; Fitzgerald, C. P. ^[1]; Fowler, J. W. ^[1]; Gard, J. D. ^[4]; Hays-Wehle, J. P. ^[5]; Hilton, G. C. ^[1]; Jaye, C. ^[3];

^[6]; Miaja-Avila, L. ^[1];

^[1]; Joe, Y. I. ^[1]; O’Neil, G. C. ^[1]; Reintsema, C. D. ^[1]; Rodolakis, F. ^[6] more »

National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milan (Italy)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
Lund Univ. (Sweden)

We describe a series of microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometers designed for a broad suite of measurement applications. The chief advantage of this type of spectrometer is that it can be orders of magnitude more efficient at collecting X-rays than more traditional high-resolution spectrometers that rely on wavelength-dispersive techniques. This advantage is most useful in applications that are traditionally photon-starved and/or involve radiation-sensitive samples. Each energy-dispersive spectrometer is built around an array of several hundred transition-edge sensors (TESs). TESs are superconducting thin films that are biased into their superconducting-to-normal-metal transitions. The spectrometers share a common readout architecture and many design elements, such as a compact, 65 mK detector package, 8-column time-division-multiplexed superconducting quantum-interference device readout, and a liquid-cryogen-free cryogenic system that is a two-stage adiabatic-demagnetization refrigerator backed by a pulse-tube cryocooler. We have adapted this flexible architecture to mate to a variety of sample chambers and measurement systems that encompass a range of observing geometries. There are two different types of TES pixels employed. The first, designed for X-ray energies below 10 keV, has a best demonstrated energy resolution of 2.1 eV (full-width-at-half-maximum or FWHM) at 5.9 keV. The second, designed for X-ray energies below 2 keV, has a best demonstrated resolution of 1.0 eV (FWHM) at 500 eV. Our team has now deployed seven of these X-ray spectrometers to a variety of light sources, accelerator facilities, and laboratory-scale experiments; these seven spectrometers have already performed measurements related to their applications. Another five of these spectrometers will come online in the near future. We have applied our TES spectrometers to the following measurement applications: synchrotron-based absorption and emission spectroscopy and energy-resolved scattering; accelerator-based spectroscopy of hadronic atoms and particle-induced-emission spectroscopy; laboratory-based time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy with a tabletop, broadband source; and laboratory-based metrology of X-ray-emission lines. Here, we discuss the design, construction, and operation of our TES spectrometers and show first-light measurements from the various systems. Finally, because X-ray-TES technology continues to mature, we discuss improvements to array size, energy resolution, and counting speed that we anticipate in our next generation of TES-X-ray spectrometers and beyond.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; FG02-06ER46285

OSTI ID:: 1390613

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1361887; OSTI ID: 1958828

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 5; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 81 works

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Long-range incommensurate charge fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O(6+x) Ghiringhelli, G.; Tacon, M. Le; Minola, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1207.0915	text	January 2012
112-Pixel Arrays of High-Efficiency STJ X-Ray Detectors Friedrich, S.; Harris, J.; Warburton, W. K. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 176, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-014-1151-3	journal	March 2014
X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92 Henke, B. L.; Gullikson, E. M.; Davis, J. C. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 54, Issue 2, p. 181-342 https://doi.org/10.1006/adnd.1993.1013	journal	July 1993
Ultrahigh-Resolution X-ray Microanalysis with a Cryogen-Free Microcalorimeter Spectrometer Cantor, R.; Naito, H. Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 20, Issue S3 https://doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614007466	journal	August 2014
Long-Range Incommensurate Charge Fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O6+x Ghiringhelli, G.; Le Tacon, M.; Minola, M. Science, Vol. 337, Issue 6096 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1223532	journal	July 2012
Strong Interaction Physics from Hadronic Atoms Friedman, E. Mesons and Light Nuclei ’95 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9453-9_11	book	January 1995
Design and performance of a curved-crystal x-ray emission spectrometer Hudson, A. C.; Stolte, W. C.; Lindle, D. W. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2735933	journal	May 2007
A high resolution gamma-ray spectrometer based on superconducting microcalorimeters Bennett, D. A.; Horansky, R. D.; Schmidt, D. R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754630	journal	September 2012
Transition-Edge Sensors Irwin, K. D.; Hilton, G. C. Topics in Applied Physics https://doi.org/10.1007/10933596_3	book	July 2005
X-ray absorption fine structure measurement with a 9V electric battery x-ray emitter Mitsuya, Shota; Ishii, Hideshi; Kawai, Jun Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2356462	journal	September 2006
ANKA-KNMF User Meeting Doyle, Stephen Synchrotron Radiation News, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2014.869151	journal	January 2014
Real Time Pulse Pile-up Recovery in a High Throughput Digital Pulse Processor Scoullar, Paul A. B.; McLean, Chris C.; Evans, Rob J. APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES: Eleventh International Conference, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3665324	conference	January 2011
Beamline Test of a Transition-Edge-Sensor Spectrometer in Preparation for Kaonic-Atom Measurements Hashimoto, T.; Bazzi, M.; Bennett, D. A. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2646374	journal	June 2017
Modelling the resistive state in a transition edge sensor Kozorezov, A.; Golubov, A. A.; Martin, D. D. E. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3621829	journal	August 2011
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On Low-Energy Tail Distortions in the Detector Response Function of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers O’Neil, G. C.; Szypryt, P.; Takacs, E. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 199, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02270-y	journal	November 2019
A Transition-edge Sensor-based X-ray Spectrometer for the Study of Highly Charged Ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electron Beam Ion Trap Szypryt, P.; O'Neil, G. C.; Takacs, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.05483	text	January 2020
L-Edge Spectroscopy of Dilute, Radiation-Sensitive Systems Using a Transition-Edge-Sensor Array Titus, Charles J.; Baker, Michael L.; Lee, Sang Jun arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.09878	text	January 2017
Pyrolitic Graphite Mosaic Crystal Thickness and Mosaicity Optimization for an Extended Source Von Hamos X-ray Spectrometer Scordo, Alessandro; Curceanu, Catalina; Miliucci, Marco Condensed Matter, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/condmat4020038	journal	April 2019
Eliminating the non-Gaussian spectral response of X-ray absorbers for transition-edge sensors Divan, Ralu; Gades, Lisa M.; Kenesei, Peter Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5001198	journal	November 2017
Working principle and demonstrator of microwave-multiplexing for the HOLMES experiment microcalorimeters Becker, D. T.; Bennett, D. A.; Biasotti, M. Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/p10035	journal	October 2019
Soft X-ray spectroscopy with transition-edge sensors at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource beamline 10-1 Lee, Sang-Jun; Titus, Charles J.; Alonso Mori, Roberto Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5119155	journal	November 2019
Working principle and demonstrator of microwave-multiplexing for the HOLMES experiment microcalorimeters Becker, D. T.; Bennett, D. A.; Biasotti, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.05217	text	January 2019
A transition-edge sensor-based x-ray spectrometer for the study of highly charged ions at the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap Szypryt, P.; O’Neil, G. C.; Takacs, E. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5116717	journal	December 2019
Coevolution of the Technology on Transition-Edge-Sensor Spectrometer and Its Application to Fundamental Science Yamada, S.; Tatsuno, H.; Okada, S. Journal of Low Temperature Physics https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02441-2	journal	March 2020
Resonator Stabilization Architecture to Suppress Switching Transient Crosstalk in I-CDM Durkin, Malcolm; Weber, Joel C.; Doriese, William B. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-1971-7	journal	May 2018
Hot science with cool sensors Morgan, Kelsey M. Physics Today, Vol. 71, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3995	journal	August 2018
L-edge spectroscopy of dilute, radiation-sensitive systems using a transition-edge-sensor array Titus, Charles J.; Baker, Michael L.; Lee, Sang Jun The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 147, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5000755	journal	December 2017
The molybdenum K-shell x-ray emission spectrum Mendenhall, Marcus H.; Hudson, Lawrence T.; Szabo, Csilla I. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ab45d6	journal	October 2019
Configurable error correction of code-division multiplexed TES detectors with a cryotron switch Weber, Joel C.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Durkin, Malcolm Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5089870	journal	June 2019
TES X-ray Spectrometer at SLAC LCLS-II Li, Dale; Alpert, B. K.; Becker, D. T. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 193, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-2053-6	journal	September 2018
High resolution multielement XRF spectroscopy of extended and diffused sources with a graphite mosaic crystal based Von Hamos spectrometer Scordo, A.; Breschi, L.; Curceanu, C. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Vol. 35, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00269c	journal	January 2020
Integration of a TES-based X-ray spectrometer in a kaonic atom experiment Hashimoto, T.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B. Journal of Low Temperature Physics https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02434-1	journal	March 2020

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