Theta, time reversal and temperature

Gaiotto, Davide; Kapustin, Anton; Komargodski, Zohar; Seiberg, Nathan

doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2017)091

Title: Theta, time reversal and temperature

Journal Article · Wed May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2017)091· OSTI ID:1389778

Gaiotto, Davide ^[1]; Kapustin, Anton ^[2]; Komargodski, Zohar ^[3]; Seiberg, Nathan ^[4]

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States)

SU(N) gauge theory is time reversal invariant at θ = 0 and θ = π. We show that at θ = π there is a discrete ’t Hooft anomaly involving time reversal and the center symmetry. This anomaly leads to constraints on the vacua of the theory. It follows that at θ = π the vacuum cannot be a trivial non-degenerate gapped state. (By contrast, the vacuum at θ = 0 is gapped, non-degenerate, and trivial.) Due to the anomaly, the theory admits nontrivial domain walls supporting lower-dimensional theories. Depending on the nature of the vacuum at θ = π, several phase diagrams are possible. Assuming area law for space-like loops, one arrives at an inequality involving the temperatures at which CP and the center symmetry are restored. We also analyze alternative scenarios for SU(2) gauge theory. The underlying symmetry at θ = π is the dihedral group of 8 elements. If deconfined loops are allowed, one can have two O(2)-symmetric fixed points. In conclusion, it may also be that the four-dimensional theory around θ = π is gapless, e.g. a Coulomb phase could match the underlying anomalies.

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Research Organization:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0011632; SC0009988

OSTI ID:: 1389778

Journal Information:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Vol. 2017, Issue 5; ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer BerlinCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 233 works

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