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Title: Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon

Abstract

Visibly transparent porous silicon dioxide (PSiO2) and PSiO2/titanium dioxide (TiO2) optical elements were fabricated by thermal oxidation, or a combination of thermal oxidation and atomic layer deposition infilling, of an electrochemically etched porous silicon (PSi) structure containing an electrochemically defined porosity profile. The thermally oxidized PSiO2 structures are transparent at visible wavelengths and can be designed to have refractive indices ranging from 1.1 to 1.4. The refractive index can be increased above 2.0 through TiO2 infilling of the pores. Applying this oxidation and TiO2 infilling methodology enabled tuning of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) formed from PSi across the visible spectrum. At the maximum filling, the DBR exhibited a transmission of 2% at 620 nm. Simulations match well with measured spectra. In addition to forming DBR filters, phase-shaping gradient refractive index (GRIN) elements were formed. As a demonstration, a 4 mm diameter radial GRIN PSiO2 element with a parabolic, lens-like phase profile with a calculated focal length of 1.48 m was formed. The calculated focal length was reduced to 0.80 m upon the addition of TiO2. All the structures showed broad transparency in the visible and were stable to the materials conversion process.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Lab.
  2. The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, TX (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion (LMI)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1388287
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0001293
Resource Type:
Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
ACS Photonics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 4; Related Information: LMI partners with California Institute of Technology (lead); Harvard University; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Journal ID: ISSN 2330-4022
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; solar (photovoltaic); solid state lighting; phonons; thermal conductivity; electrodes - solar; materials and chemistry by design; optics; synthesis (novel materials); synthesis (self-assembly)

Citation Formats

Ocier, Christian R., Krueger, Neil A., Zhou, Weijun, and Braun, Paul V. Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b01001.
Ocier, Christian R., Krueger, Neil A., Zhou, Weijun, & Braun, Paul V. Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b01001
Ocier, Christian R., Krueger, Neil A., Zhou, Weijun, and Braun, Paul V. 2017. "Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b01001. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1388287.
@article{osti_1388287,
title = {Tunable Visibly Transparent Optics Derived from Porous Silicon},
author = {Ocier, Christian R. and Krueger, Neil A. and Zhou, Weijun and Braun, Paul V.},
abstractNote = {Visibly transparent porous silicon dioxide (PSiO2) and PSiO2/titanium dioxide (TiO2) optical elements were fabricated by thermal oxidation, or a combination of thermal oxidation and atomic layer deposition infilling, of an electrochemically etched porous silicon (PSi) structure containing an electrochemically defined porosity profile. The thermally oxidized PSiO2 structures are transparent at visible wavelengths and can be designed to have refractive indices ranging from 1.1 to 1.4. The refractive index can be increased above 2.0 through TiO2 infilling of the pores. Applying this oxidation and TiO2 infilling methodology enabled tuning of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) formed from PSi across the visible spectrum. At the maximum filling, the DBR exhibited a transmission of 2% at 620 nm. Simulations match well with measured spectra. In addition to forming DBR filters, phase-shaping gradient refractive index (GRIN) elements were formed. As a demonstration, a 4 mm diameter radial GRIN PSiO2 element with a parabolic, lens-like phase profile with a calculated focal length of 1.48 m was formed. The calculated focal length was reduced to 0.80 m upon the addition of TiO2. All the structures showed broad transparency in the visible and were stable to the materials conversion process.},
doi = {10.1021/acsphotonics.6b01001},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1388287}, journal = {ACS Photonics},
issn = {2330-4022},
number = 4,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

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Cited by: 24 works
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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Tamm phonon-polaritons: Localized states from phonon-light interactions
journal, April 2019


Design, fabrication, and optical characterization of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on porous silicon assisted by in-situ photoacoustics
journal, October 2019


Electrochemical Fabrication of Flat, Polymer-Embedded Porous Silicon 1D Gradient Refractive Index Microlens Arrays
journal, April 2018


Optimising porous silicon Bragg reflectors for narrow spectral resonances
journal, October 2018


Design, fabrication, and optical characterization of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on porous silicon assisted by in-situ photoacoustics
journal, October 2019


Porous Si-SiO2 based UV Microcavities
journal, February 2020


Room-Temperature Low-Threshold Lasing from Monolithically Integrated Nanostructured Porous Silicon Hybrid Microcavities
journal, May 2018


Moldless Printing of Silicone Lenses with Embedded Nanostructured Optical Filters
journal, November 2019


Dynamic optical control of near-field radiative transfer
journal, January 2018


Metallothermic Reduction of Silica Nanoparticles to Porous Silicon for Drug Delivery Using New and Existing Reductants
journal, May 2018


Resonant Mode Engineering of Photonic Crystal Sensors Clad with Ultralow Refractive Index Porous Silicon Dioxide
journal, September 2017