Atom Probe Tomography Unveils Formation Mechanisms of Wear-Protective Tribofilms by ZDDP, Ionic Liquid, and Their Combination

Guo, Wei; Zhou, Yan; Sang, Xiahan; Leonard, Donovan N.; Qu, Jun; Poplawsky, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b04719

Title: Atom Probe Tomography Unveils Formation Mechanisms of Wear-Protective Tribofilms by ZDDP, Ionic Liquid, and Their Combination

Journal Article · Tue Jun 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04719· OSTI ID:1376428

^[1]; Zhou, Yan ^[2];

^[1]; Leonard, Donovan N. ^[2];

^[2]; Poplawsky, Jonathan D. ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science and Technology Division

The development of advanced lubricant additives has been a critical component in paving the way for increasing energy efficiency and durability for numerous industry applications. However, the formation mechanisms of additive-induced protective tribofilms are not yet fully understood because of the complex chemomechanical interactions at the contact interface and the limited spatial resolution of many characterizing techniques currently used. In this paper, the tribofilms on a gray cast iron surface formed by three antiwear additives are systematically studied; a phosphonium-phosphate ionic liquid (IL), a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), and an IL+ZDDP combination. All three additives provide excellent wear protection, with the IL+ZDDP combination exhibiting a synergetic effect, resulting in further reduced friction and wear. Atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to interrogate the subnm chemistry and bonding states for each of the tribofilms of interest. The IL tribofilm appeared amorphous and was Fe, P, and O rich. Wear debris particles having an Fe-rich core and an oxide shell were present in this tribofilm and a transitional oxide (Fe₂O₃)-containing layer was identified at the interface between the tribofilm and the cast iron substrate. The ZDDP+IL tribofilm shared some of the characteristics found in the IL and ZDDP tribofilms. Finally, tribofilm formation mechanisms are proposed on the basis of the observations made at the atomic level.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1376428

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 27; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 28 works

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Five-Stage Selection Procedure of Ionic Liquids for Lubrication of Steel–Steel Contacts in Space Mechanisms Dörr, Nicole; Merstallinger, Andreas; Holzbauer, Roland Tribology Letters, Vol. 67, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-019-1185-4	journal	May 2019
Material‐Dependent Antagonistic Effects between Soot and ZDDP Kumara, Chanaka; Meyer, Harry M.; Qu, Jun Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901956	journal	February 2020
High lubricity and electrical responsiveness of solvent-free ionic SiO ₂ nanofluids Guo, Yuexia; Zhang, Ligang; Zhang, Ga Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09649f	journal	January 2018
Correlation Between Engine Oil Degradation, Tribochemistry, and Tribological Behavior with Focus on ZDDP Deterioration Dörr, Nicole; Brenner, Josef; Ristić, Andjelka Tribology Letters, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-019-1176-5	journal	May 2019

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Title: Atom Probe Tomography Unveils Formation Mechanisms of Wear-Protective Tribofilms by ZDDP, Ionic Liquid, and Their Combination

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