The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties

doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3298

Title: The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties

Abstract

We calculate cosmic distributions in space and time of the formation sites of the first, "Pop III.1" stars, exploring a model in which these are the progenitors of all supermassive black holes (SMBHs), seen in the centers of most large galaxies. Pop III.1 stars are defined to form from primordial composition gas in dark matter minihalos with $$\sim10^6\:M_\odot$$ that are isolated from neighboring astrophysical sources by a given isolation distance, $$d_{\rm{iso}}$$. We assume Pop III.1 sources are seeds of SMBHs, based on protostellar support by dark matter annihilation heating that allows them to accrete a large fraction of their minihalo gas, i.e., $$\sim10^5\:M_\odot$$. Exploring $$d_{\rm{iso}}$$ from $$10 - 100\:\rm{kpc}$$ (proper distances), we predict the redshift evolution of Pop III.1 source and SMBH remnant number densities. The local, $z=0$ density of SMBHs constrains $$d_{\rm{iso}}\lesssim 100\:\rm{kpc}$$ (i.e., $$3\:\rm{Mpc}$$ comoving distance at $$z\simeq30$$). In our simulated ($$\sim60\:\rm{Mpc}$$)$$^3$$ comoving volume, Pop III.1 stars start forming just after $z=40$. Their formation is largely complete by $$z\simeq25$$ to $20$ for $$d_{\rm{iso}}=100$$ to $$50\:\rm{kpc}$$. We follow source evolution to $z=10$, by which point most SMBHs reside in halos with $$\gtrsim10^8\:M_\odot$$. Over this period, there is relatively limited merging of SMBHs for these values of $$d_{\rm{iso}}$$. We alsomore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Tan, Jonathan C. ^[2]; Monaco, Pierluigi ^[3]

Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510-0500, USA; GRAPPA Institute, Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Lorentz Institute, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, NL-2333 CA, the Netherlands
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 93 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA
Dipartimento di Fisica, Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy; INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy; INFN, via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

Publication Date:: 2018-12-06

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP) (SC-25)

OSTI Identifier:: 1374712

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1608.04421; FERMILAB-PUB-16-322-A-AE-PPD-T
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711; 1481372

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Journal Article

Journal Name:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 483; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Banik, Nilanjan, Tan, Jonathan C., and Monaco, Pierluigi. The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3298.

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                    Banik, Nilanjan, Tan, Jonathan C., & Monaco, Pierluigi. The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3298

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                    Banik, Nilanjan, Tan, Jonathan C., and Monaco, Pierluigi. Thu .  
        "The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3298.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1374712.

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@article{osti_1374712,

  title        = {The formation of supermassive black holes from Population III.1 seeds. I. Cosmic formation histories and clustering properties},

  author       = {Banik, Nilanjan and Tan, Jonathan C. and Monaco, Pierluigi},

  abstractNote = {We calculate cosmic distributions in space and time of the formation sites of the first, "Pop III.1" stars, exploring a model in which these are the progenitors of all supermassive black holes (SMBHs), seen in the centers of most large galaxies. Pop III.1 stars are defined to form from primordial composition gas in dark matter minihalos with $\sim10^6\:M_\odot$ that are isolated from neighboring astrophysical sources by a given isolation distance, $d_{\rm{iso}}$. We assume Pop III.1 sources are seeds of SMBHs, based on protostellar support by dark matter annihilation heating that allows them to accrete a large fraction of their minihalo gas, i.e., $\sim10^5\:M_\odot$. Exploring $d_{\rm{iso}}$ from $10 - 100\:\rm{kpc}$ (proper distances), we predict the redshift evolution of Pop III.1 source and SMBH remnant number densities. The local, $z=0$ density of SMBHs constrains $d_{\rm{iso}}\lesssim 100\:\rm{kpc}$ (i.e., $3\:\rm{Mpc}$ comoving distance at $z\simeq30$). In our simulated ($\sim60\:\rm{Mpc}$)$^3$ comoving volume, Pop III.1 stars start forming just after $z=40$. Their formation is largely complete by $z\simeq25$ to $20$ for $d_{\rm{iso}}=100$ to $50\:\rm{kpc}$. We follow source evolution to $z=10$, by which point most SMBHs reside in halos with $\gtrsim10^8\:M_\odot$. Over this period, there is relatively limited merging of SMBHs for these values of $d_{\rm{iso}}$. We also predict SMBH clustering properties at $z=10$: feedback suppression of neighboring sources leads to relatively flat angular correlation functions.},

  doi          = {10.1093/mnras/sty3298},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1374712},
  journal      = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},

  issn         = {0035-8711},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 483,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {12}

}

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Figure 1: Evolution of comoving total number density of Pop III.1 stars and their SMBH remnants for different values of d _iso ranging from 10 to 300 kpc (proper distances). The number density of all dark matter halos with M > 10 ⁶em>M _⊙ is also shown for reference. Themore »

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