High Tolerance to Iron Contamination in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Poindexter, Jeremy R.; Hoye, Robert L. Z.; Nienhaus, Lea; Kurchin, Rachel C.; Morishige, Ashley E.; Looney, Erin E.; Osherov, Anna; Correa-Baena, Juan -Pablo; Lai, Barry; Bulovic, Vladimir; Stevanovic, Vladan; Bawendi, Moungi G.; Buonassisi, Tonio

doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02734

Title: High Tolerance to Iron Contamination in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Wed Jun 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · ACS Nano

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b02734· OSTI ID:1374122

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Kurchin, Rachel C. ^[1]; Morishige, Ashley E. ^[1]; Looney, Erin E. ^[1]; Osherov, Anna ^[1];

^[1]; Lai, Barry ^[3]; Bulovic, Vladimir ^[1]; Stevanovic, Vladan ^[4];

^[1]; Buonassisi, Tonio ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

The relationship between charge-carrier lifetime and the tolerance of lead halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells to intrinsic point defects has drawn much attention by helping to explain rapid improvements in device efficiencies. However, little is known about how charge-carrier lifetime and solar cell performance in LHPs are affected by extrinsic defects (i.e., impurities), including those that are common in manufacturing environments and known to introduce deep levels in other semiconductors. Here, we evaluate the tolerance of LHP solar cells to iron introduced via intentional contamination of the feedstock and examine the root causes of the resulting efficiency losses. We find that comparable efficiency losses occur in LHPs at feedstock iron concentrations approximately 100 times higher than those in p-type silicon devices. Photoluminescence measurements correlate iron concentration with nonradiative recombination, which we attribute to the presence of deep-level iron interstitials, as calculated from first-principles, as well as iron-rich particles detected by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. At moderate contamination levels, we witness prominent recovery of device efficiencies to near-baseline values after biasing at 1.4 V for 60 s in the dark. We theorize that this temporary effect arises from improved charge-carrier collection enhanced by electric fields strengthened from ion migration toward interfaces. Lastly, our results demonstrate that extrinsic defect tolerance contributes to high efficiencies in LHP solar cells, which inspires further investigation into potential large-scale manufacturing cost savings as well as the degree of overlap between intrinsic and extrinsic defect tolerance in LHPs and 'perovskite-inspired' lead-free stable alternatives.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Next Generation of Materials by Design: Incorporating Metastability (CNGMD)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1374122

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5K00-68935

Journal Information:: ACS Nano, Vol. 11, Issue 7; ISSN 1936-0851

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 65 works

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
extrinsic defects
hysteresis
impurities
methylammonium lead iodide
photoluminescence
photovoltaics
recombination

Title: High Tolerance to Iron Contamination in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

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