Imaging exciton–polariton transport in MoSe2 waveguides

Hu, F.; Luan, Y.; Scott, M. E.; Yan, J.; Mandrus, D. G.; Xu, X.; Fei, Z.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2017.65

Title: Imaging exciton–polariton transport in MoSe2 waveguides

Journal Article · Mon May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature Photonics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.65· OSTI ID:1368051

Hu, F. ^[1]; Luan, Y. ^[1]; Scott, M. E. ^[2]; Yan, J. ^[3]; Mandrus, D. G. ^[3];

^[2]; Fei, Z. ^[1]

Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States); Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Exciton polaritons, which are hybrid modes between photons and excitons in semiconductors, attract broad research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. Previous studies are focused on far-field spectroscopy of exciton polaritons with cavity or prism coupling. Here we report on real-space nano-optical imaging study of exciton polaritons using the near-field scanning optical microscopy. The observed polaritons are formed by coupling between photons and excitons in thin flakes of group VI transition-metal dichalcogenides and they show sensitive dependence with the flake thickness. The wavelength of these exciton polaritons can reach as low as 300 nm. By tuning the excitation laser energy, we are able to map the entire polariton dispersion both above and below the A exciton energy. Further analysis indicates that polaritons can propagate over many microns below the exciton energy but are subject to strong Landau damping above.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: DE-AC02-07CH11358; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1368051

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1376529

Report Number(s):: IS-J 9346; nphoton.2017.65

Journal Information:: Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 6; ISSN 1749-4885

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 139 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (31)

Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation Deng, Hui; Haug, Hartmut; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.1489	journal	May 2010
Highly confined low-loss plasmons in graphene–boron nitride heterostructures Woessner, Achim; Lundeberg, Mark B.; Gao, Yuanda Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4169	journal	December 2014
Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials Ju, Long; Geng, Baisong; Horng, Jason Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.146	journal	September 2011
Exciton–polariton light–semiconductor coupling effects Gibbs, H. M.; Khitrova, G.; Koch, S. W. Nature Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.15	journal	March 2011
Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂ Splendiani, Andrea; Sun, Liang; Zhang, Yuanbo Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 4, p. 1271-1275 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903868w	journal	April 2010
Room-temperature Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with a WSe2 monolayer Lundt, Nils; Klembt, Sebastian; Cherotchenko, Evgeniia Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13328	journal	October 2016
Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides Wang, Qing Hua; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh; Kis, Andras Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 11, p. 699-712 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.193	journal	November 2012
Nano-optical imaging of $WS e_{2}$ waveguide modes revealing light-exciton interactions Fei, Z.; Scott, M. E.; Gosztola, D. J. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.081402	journal	August 2016
Polaritons in layered two-dimensional materials Low, Tony; Chaves, Andrey; Caldwell, Joshua D. Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4792	journal	November 2016
Direct observation of ultraslow hyperbolic polariton propagation with negative phase velocity Yoxall, Edward; Schnell, Martin; Nikitin, Alexey Y. Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.166	journal	September 2015
Quantum-well reflectivity and exciton-polariton dispersion Tassone, F.; Bassani, F.; Andreani, L. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 45, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.45.6023	journal	March 1992
Strong coupling between excitons in J-aggregates and waveguide modes in thin polymer films Ellenbogen, Tal; Steinvurzel, Paul; Crozier, Kenneth B. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3604014	journal	June 2011
Direct observation of strong light-exciton coupling in thin WS_2 flakes Wang, Qi; Sun, Liaoxin; Zhang, Bo Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.007151	journal	January 2016
Fraction of a Millimeter Propagation of Exciton Polaritons in Photoexcited Nanofibers of Organic Dye Takazawa, Ken; Inoue, Jun-ichi; Mitsuishi, Kazutaka Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.067401	journal	August 2010
Tunable Phonon Polaritons in Atomically Thin van der Waals Crystals of Boron Nitride Dai, S.; Fei, Z.; Ma, Q. Science, Vol. 343, Issue 6175 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246833	journal	March 2014
Exciton–polaritons in van der Waals heterostructures embedded in tunable microcavities Dufferwiel, S.; Schwarz, S.; Withers, F. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9579	journal	October 2015
Observation of the coupled exciton-photon mode splitting in a semiconductor quantum microcavity Weisbuch, C.; Nishioka, M.; Ishikawa, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.3314	journal	December 1992
Guided Bloch surface wave polaritons Liscidini, Marco; Gerace, Dario; Sanvitto, Daniele Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3571285	journal	March 2011
Atomically Thin ${MoS}_{2}$ A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor Mak, Kin Fai; Lee, Changgu; Hone, James Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 13, Article No.136805 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.136805	journal	September 2010
Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals Liu, Xiaoze; Galfsky, Tal; Sun, Zheng Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.304	journal	December 2014
Hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in boron nitride for near-field optical imaging and focusing Li, Peining; Lewin, Martin; Kretinin, Andrey V. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8507	journal	June 2015
Room-temperature exciton-polaritons with two-dimensional WS2 Flatten, L. C.; He, Z.; Coles, D. M. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33134	journal	September 2016
Excitonic polaritons in quantum‐confined systems and applications to optoelectronic devices Katsuyama, Toshio; Ogawa, Kensuke Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.356592	journal	June 1994
Polaritons in van der Waals materials Basov, D. N.; Fogler, M. M.; Garcia de Abajo, F. J. Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6309 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag1992	journal	October 2016
Single-layer MoS₂ transistors Radisavljevic, B.; Radenovic, A.; Brivio, J. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, Issue 3, p. 147-150 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.279	journal	January 2011
Dispersion curves of surface phonon-polaritons with backbending Schuller, E.; Falge, H. J.; Borstel, G. Physics Letters A, Vol. 54, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(75)90275-3	journal	September 1975
Exciton Polaritons Confined in a ZnO Nanowire Cavity van Vugt, Lambert K.; Rühle, Sven; Ravindran, Prasanth Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.147401	journal	October 2006
Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging Fei, Z.; Rodin, A. S.; Andreev, G. O. Nature, Vol. 487, Issue 7405 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11253	journal	June 2012
Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons Chen, Jianing; Badioli, Michela; Alonso-González, Pablo Nature, Vol. 487, Issue 7405 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11254	journal	June 2012
Hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in boron nitride for near-field optical imaging and focusing Li, Peining; Lewin, Martin; Kretinin, Andrey V. RWTH Aachen University https://doi.org/10.18154/rwth-2015-03454	text	January 2015
Strong Coupling between Excitons in J aggregates and Waveguide Modes in Thin Polymer Films Ellenbogen, Tal; Steinvurzel, Paul; Crozier, Kenneth B. Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications https://doi.org/10.1364/qels.2011.qtul7	conference	January 2011

Cited By (39)

A Multibeam Interference Model for Analyzing Complex Near‐Field Images of Polaritons in 2D van der Waals Microstructures Liao, Baoxin; Guo, Xiangdong; Hu, Debo Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904662	journal	August 2019
A Simple Method for Synthesis of High-Quality Millimeter-Scale 1T′ Transition-Metal Telluride and Near-Field Nanooptical Properties Chen, Kun; Chen, Zefeng; Wan, Xi Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700704	journal	August 2017
Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research Chen, Xinzhong; Hu, Debo; Mescall, Ryan Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804774	journal	April 2019
Scaling and Reflection Behaviors of Polaritons in Low‐Dimensional Materials Shen, Peiyue; Luo, Xingdong; Lyu, Bosai Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900923	journal	September 2019
Recent Progress on Exciton Polaritons in Layered Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides Hu, Fengrui; Fei, Zhe Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901003	journal	September 2019
Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy of Polaritons with Time Resolved s ‐SNOM Yao, Ziheng; Xu, Suheng; Hu, Debo Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901042	journal	September 2019
Revealing Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Multipulse Peak Force Infrared Microscopy Wang, Le; Wagner, Martin; Wang, Haomin Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901084	journal	November 2019
Polariton Photonics Using Structured Metals and 2D Materials Cai, Ziqiang; Xu, Yihao; Wang, Chuangtang Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901090	journal	October 2019
Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials with Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy Barcelos, Ingrid D.; Bechtel, Hans A.; de Matos, Christiano J. S. Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901091	journal	December 2019
Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials Luo, Cheng; Guo, Xiangdong; Hu, Hai Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901416	journal	January 2020
Ultrathin WS ₂ ‐on‐Glass Photonic Crystal for Self‐Resonant Exciton‐Polaritonics Zhang, Xingwang; Zhang, Xiaojie; Huang, Wenzhuo Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201901988	journal	February 2020
Edge-emitting polariton laser and amplifier based on a ZnO waveguide Jamadi, O.; Reveret, F.; Disseix, P. Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-018-0084-z	journal	October 2018
Tomographic and multimodal scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with peak force tapping mode Wang, Haomin; Wang, Le; Jakob, Devon S. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04403-5	journal	May 2018
Transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks as high-index dielectric Mie nanoresonators Verre, Ruggero; Baranov, Denis G.; Munkhbat, Battulga Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0442-x	journal	May 2019
Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Function of Monolayer MoSe2 Park, Han Gyeol; Kim, Tae Jung; Ullah, Farman Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21508-5	journal	February 2018
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50316-8	journal	September 2019
Strong light–matter interaction in tungsten disulfide nanotubes Yadgarov, Lena; Višić, Bojana; Abir, Tsafrir Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02245c	journal	January 2018
High-efficiency modulation of coupling between different polaritons in an in-plane graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructure Guo, Xiangdong; Hu, Hai; Hu, Debo Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nr08334g	journal	January 2019
Tin diselenide van der Waals materials as new candidates for mid-infrared waveguide chips Xue, Mengfei; Zheng, Qi; Chen, Runkun Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr04264d	journal	January 2019
Dipole modelling for a robust description of subdiffractional polariton waves Feres, Flávio H.; Barcelos, Ingrid D.; Mayer, Rafael A. Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07387f	journal	January 2019
Two-path self-interference in PTCDA active waveguides maps the dispersion and refraction of a single waveguide mode Schörner, C.; Neuber, C.; Hildner, R. APL Photonics, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5068761	journal	January 2019
Hybrid MoS ₂ -gap-mode metasurface photodetectors Ni, Peinan; De Luna Bugallo, Andrés; Yang, Xun Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab2aba	journal	July 2019
Photo-induced charge density distribution in metal surfaces and its extraction with apertureless near-field optics Chui, S. T.; Chen, Xinzhong; Hu, Hai Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab0fb3	journal	April 2019
Large-area synthesis and photoelectric properties of few-layer MoSe ₂ on molybdenum foils Wu, Zenghui; Tai, Guoan; Wang, Xufeng Nanotechnology, Vol. 29, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aaa8ba	journal	February 2018
Imaging propagative exciton polaritons in atomically thin ${WSe}_{2}$ waveguides Hu, F.; Luan, Y.; Speltz, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.100.121301	journal	September 2019
Reflection phase shift of one-dimensional plasmon polaritons in carbon nanotubes Luo, Xingdong; Hu, Cheng; Lyu, Bosai Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.041407	journal	January 2020
Plasmon-exciton polaritons in two-dimensional semiconductor/metal interfaces Gonçalves, P. A. D.; Bertelsen, L. P.; Xiao, Sanshui Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.041402	journal	January 2018
Ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of strongly coupled resonances in the intrinsic cavity of $W S_{2}$ nanotubes Višić, Bojana; Yadgarov, Lena; Pogna, Eva A. A. Physical Review Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033046	journal	October 2019
Transport of Neutral Optical Excitations Using Electric Fields Cotleţ, Ovidiu; Pientka, Falko; Schmidt, Richard Physical Review X, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.9.041019	journal	October 2019
Transient exciton-polariton dynamics in WSe ₂ by ultrafast near-field imaging Mrejen, M.; Yadgarov, L.; Levanon, A. Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat9618	journal	February 2019
Mono-crystalline gold platelets: a high-quality platform for surface plasmon polaritons Kaltenecker, Korbinian J.; Krauss, Enno; Casses, Laura Nanophotonics, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0362	journal	February 2020
Transport of Neutral Optical Excitations Using Electric Fields Cotleţ, Ovidiu; Pientka, Falko; Schmidt, Richard ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000373094	text	January 2019
Polariton hyperspectral imaging of two-dimensional semiconductor crystals Gebhardt, Christian; Förg, Michael; Yamaguchi, Hisato Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000098461	text	January 2019
Transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks as high-index dielectric Mie nanoresonators Verre, Ruggero; Baranov, Denis G.; Munkhbat, Battulga arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.04076	text	January 2018
Hybrid MoS$_2$-gap-mode metasurfaces photodetectors Ni, Peinan; Bugallo, Andres De Luna; Yang, Xun arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.06505	text	January 2019
Reflection Phase Shift of One-dimensional Plasmon Polaritons in Carbon Nanotubes Luo, Xingdong; Hu, Cheng; Lyu, Bosai arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.02767	text	January 2019
Probing optical anisotropy of nanometer-thin van der waals microcrystals by near-field imaging Hu, Debo; Yang, Xiaoxia; Li, Chi Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01580-7	journal	November 2017
Towards Exciton-Polaritons in an Individual MoS2 Nanotube Kazanov, Dmitrii; Rakhlin, Maxim; Poshakinskiy, Alexander Nanomaterials, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020373	journal	February 2020
Edge-emitting polariton laser and amplifier based on a ZnO waveguide Jamadi, O.; Reveret, F.; Disseix, P. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1708.00501	text	January 2017

Similar Records

Nano-optical imaging of

WS e_{2}

waveguide modes revealing light-exciton interactions

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1368051

Fei, Z.; Scott, M. E.; Gosztola, D. J.; +12 more

Imaging propagative exciton polaritons in atomically thin

{WSe}_{2}

waveguides

Journal Article · Wed Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Physical Review B · OSTI ID:1368051

Hu, F.; Luan, Y.; Speltz, J.; +6 more

Nano-optical imaging of exciton–plasmon polaritons in WSe ₂ /Au heterostructures

Journal Article · Thu Nov 03 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nanoscale · OSTI ID:1368051

B. Iyer, Raghunandan; Luan, Yilong; Shinar, Ruth; +2 more

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Title: Imaging exciton–polariton transport in MoSe2 waveguides

Citation Formats

References (31)

Cited By (39)

Similar Records

Related Subjects